Psych Ch. 3

Psychology-1 Chapter three flashcards: neurons, nervous system, hormones, and brain parts

Two synapse cleaning processes

Reuptake and Enzyme Degradation

Example of the reuptake process

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Keeps the serotonin in the body

CNS

Central Nervous System

PNS

Peripheral Nervous System

Three types of neurons

Sensory Neuron, Motor Neuron, Interneuron

Sensory Neurons

transmit signals from the body's senses to the CNS

Motor Neurons

Transfer signals from the CNS to the muscles

Interneurons

Receives information from Sensory Neurons and sends commands through the Motor Neurons

Two divisions of PNS

Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System controls

Sensory and motor movements

Autonomic Nervous System controls

Involuntary movement (breathing, heart pumping, digestion, etc.)

Two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic division (flight-or-flight-or-freeze) and Parasympathetic division

Endocrine glands

Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Pancreas, Gonads, and Adrenal Glands

Pituitary gland contains

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

Pineal gland contains

Melatonin

Thyroid gland

Regulates metabolism

Pancreas

Levels sugar in the blood

Gonad gland contains

The sex glands; regulates sexual development

Adrenal glands contains

Over thirty different hormones for stress and secondary source of sex hormones

Three parts of the brain

Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain

Hindbrain

Medulla, Pons, Reticular formation, and Cerebellum

Medulla

Responsible for life-sustaining functions

Pons

Sleep, dreaming, left-right body coordination, and arousal

Reticular formation

Responsible for selective attention

Cerebellum

Controls and coordinates involuntary, rapid, fine motor movements

Limbic system/midbrain

Hypothalamus, Hippocampus, Amygdala, and Cingulate cortex

Hypothalamus

Motivational behavior

Hippocampus

Formation of long-term memories and memory

Amygdala

Fear response and emotions

Cingulate cortex

Cognitive and emotional processing

Cortex

Higher processes and interpretation of sensory input

Corticalization

Wrinkling of the cortex

Cerebral hemispheres

Left and right hemispheres

Corpus callosum

Moves information between the left and right hemisphere

Four lobes of the brain

Occipital lobe, Temporal lobes, Parietal lobes, Frontal lobes

Occipital lobe

Primary visual cortex

Temporal lobes

Sense of hearing and speech; Primary auditory cortex

Parietal lobes

Centers for touch, taste, and temperature sensations; Somatosensory cortex

Frontal lobes

Higher mental processes, decision making, and fluent speech; Motor cortex

Association areas

Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area

Broca’s area

Speaking

Wernicke’s area

Understanding

Aphasia

Damage

Neuroscience

neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue

Nervous system

Specialized cells and Glial cells

Parts of a neuron

Dendrites, Soma, Axon, and Myelin Sheath

Glial cells

Deliver nutrients to neurons and produce myelin; grey fatty cells

Ions

Charged particles

Ions inside neurons

Negatively charged

Ions outside neurons

Positively charged

Neural impulse

Ions, Resting potential, Threshold, Action potential, and Hyperpolarization

Neuron communication

Axon terminals, Synaptic vesicles, Synapse/synaptic gap, Receptor sites, and Neurotransmitters

Neuron communication

Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmitter

Chemical substances that affect neuronal communication

Agonists and Antagonists

Agonists

Mimic

Left side of the brain

Controls language, writing, logical thought, analysis, and mathematical abilities

Processes information sequentially, and enables one to speak

Right side of the brain

Controls emotional expression, spatial perception, recognition of faces, patterns, melodies, and emotions

Processes information globally and cannot influence speech