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Little Ice Age
13th Century weather climate chanfe
Black Death 💀
Mid14th century. Spread by black rats. 🐀 Originated in Asia
What was the most terrifying natural calamity of the Middle Ages
Black Death
What was the most devastating natural disaster in European history?
Black Death
Organized massacres of Jews who were believed to have caused Black Death.
Pogroms
What was the most famous revolt after the Black Death
Ciompi—wool workers in Florence
Causes of the Hundred Year's War
Duchy of Gascony (land)
No male heir to take over French throne
King of England during Hundred Year's War
Edward VIII
Battle of Crécy
1346. England wins. "Not decisive" win however
Battle of Poitiers
Ended the first phase of the Hundred Year's War
King who started the Hundred Year's War again
Henry V
Battle of Agincourt
England wins. 1415
Some of the false teachings of the early church
Baptism
Confession
Matrimony
Holy Orders
Confirmation
Eucharist
Penance
Sacraments
What are sacraments?
The means of God's grace.
Papal Reformation
Pope becoming more powerful. Popes = political power
Lay Investiture
A.D. 1077. Secular ruler appoints someone to church office.
Gregory VII (Pope)
Known for his conflict with Henry IV. Established a papal monarchy.
Cistercians
Tried to get back to a very pure order of monks. More authentic Christian life.
Franciscans
1200s. Founded by Saint Francis of Acece (A-see-see). Lived a life of poverty and piety. Offer care to the poor.
Dominicans
Combated heresy against the Roman Catholic Church. Chief defenders and offer doctrinal integrity.
Petrobrusians and Waldensians
A.D. 1054. Translated Bible into common language.
Cathars/Albigensians
Gnostics.
How did the Roman Catholic Church handle the Cathars?
Roman Catholic Church waged a crusade against the Cathars.
Inquisition
A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s.
Crusades.
Pilgrims—
Saracen's—Seljuk Turks
What happened in 1095
Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims
Code for Chivalry
Secure land
Seek adventure
Religion itself
Peasants' Cursde (BEFORE FIRST CRUSADE)
15-20 thousand peasants.
First Crusade 1096-1099
Take over Antioch. Takeover Jerusalem.
THE ONLY SUCCESSFUL CRUSADE
First Crusade
What were the years of the First Crusade
1096-1099
What two places did the Crusaders (from the First Crusade) attack?
Antioch
Jerusalem
Crusader Kingdoms
Christian kingdoms in the holy land
Saracens counterattacks
Saladin captures Jerusalem
Years of SecondCrusade
1147
Two major kings of the Second Crusade
Louis VII the Saint. Conrad III.
Most unsuccessful crusade
SECOND CRUSADE
Another name for the Third Crusade
Crusade of Kings. Due to the great number of kings participating in it.
Which kings were part of the Third Crusade?
Richard I. "LIONHEARTED". England.
Phillip II. From France.
Frederick Barbarossa. Spain.
What happens between Richard I and Saladin?
Peace treaty. Allowing Christians to access JERUSALEM.
Fourth Crusade
Franks sack Constantinople. Rule of the Franks.
Children's Crusade.
30,000 children led away to slavery due to deception.
Results of the Crusades
Revival of trade
Weakened church
European imperialism
Focus on Europe
Arabs confined
"Missionary society"
