AP psychology U0 -- perspectives, biases, culture norms, research, scientists

psychoanalytic / psychodynamic perspective theory 

developed by Sigmund Freud 

focuses on the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences 

believes that our characteristics and traits are influenced by unconscious motives

studied through dreams and free association (a word / image triggers another word / image) 

explores unresolved conflicts, deep emotions, or early childhood experiences on adult personality 

behavioural perspective

believes that psychology should be an objective science that focuses on studying observable behaviours without referencing mental processes (rejection to the psychoanalytic theory)

emphasise the environmental factors in shaping behaviours 

sociocultural perspective

focuses on a person’s experiences and influences in their life (societal factors / individuals) to better understand how culture shapes an individual 

provides insight into different behaviours across different cultures

looked at through interaction between people 

humanistic perspective 

emphasises potential as humans to grow as individuals

behaviourism is to limited and should focus more on free will, self-actualisation and growth, development 

cognitive perspective

focuses on how people interpret, process and remember information

emphases how people process and store information and how that influences their behaviours

difficulties in study the human mind in an objective manner (influenced by emotions and experiences)

biological perspective

seek to understand the links between our biological and psychological processes (how bevhaiorus and thoughts are influenced by our bodily systems)

understand different neurological conditions, mental disorders, and effect of medication

biopsychosocial perspective

focuses on the interconnectedness of biological, psychological and social factors in understanding behaviour and mental processes

used in treatments as it considers the emotions and social environment of a patient and not just their biological conditions

evolutionary perspective 

how natural selection and adaptation influence behaviour 

behaviours and bodes were shaped through natural selection 

proposed by Charles darwin

understand where certain behaviours come from (like fear response) (b c a c)

expectations definition

the anticipated behaviours and roles an individual is expected to fulfil based on cultural norms

confirmation bias

the tendency to seek out information that aligns with our point of view, at the same time dismissing information that challenges our beliefs