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Boomburg

Boomburg

Boomburbs are rapidly growing metropolitan areas, typically located in the suburbs of large cities, that have experienced significant population and economic growth in recent years. The term was coined by Robert Lang and Jennifer LeFurgy in their 2006 book "Boomburbs: The Rise of America's Accidental Cities."

Conurbation

A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns, and other urban areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban and industrially developed area.

Edge City

An edge city is a term used to describe a relatively new type of urban area that has developed on the outskirts of a larger city. It is characterized by a concentration of retail, office, and residential buildings, as well as a high degree of automobile dependence. The term was first coined by Joel Garreau in his 1991 book "Edge City: Life on the New Frontier."

Exurb

A region beyond the suburbs that is still within commuting distance of a city. Typically, exurbs are characterized by large, affluent homes and a low population density.

Infill

Flashcard for Infill: The development of vacant or underutilized land within an already developed area, often in urban or suburban settings, to increase density and make better use of existing infrastructure.

Megalopolis

A large, densely populated urban area that consists of multiple cities and suburbs that have grown together. Examples include the Northeast Corridor of the United States, which stretches from Boston to Washington D.C., and the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area in Japan.

Metropolitan Area

A Metropolitan Area is a region that includes a city and its surrounding suburbs, with a high population density and economic activity.

Site vs. Situation

Site refers to the physical characteristics of a place, such as its topography and climate. Situation refers to the location of a place in relation to other places and its importance for trade and transportation.

Suburb

A residential area located outside the city center, typically characterized by single-family homes, quiet streets, and a lower population density than urban areas.

Urban Area

Definition: A densely populated area comprising of cities and towns, characterized by various economic, social and cultural activities, and having high levels of infrastructure and services such as transportation, communication, and housing.

Urban Sprawl

Definition: The uncontrolled and unplanned expansion of urban areas into rural or natural spaces, often resulting in negative environmental, social, and economic impacts.

Urbanization

The process of the growth and development of cities as people migrate from rural areas to urban areas in search of better job opportunities, education, and lifestyle. Urbanization leads to the expansion of urban areas, increased population density, and changes in the social, economic, and political structures of the society. It also poses challenges such as overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate infrastructure.

Suburbanization

A type of research design that involves continuous observation and measurement of behavior in a natural setting, with the aim of understanding the underlying causes and functions of the behavior.

Causes of suburbanization and urbanization

Causes of suburbanization:

• Desire for more space and privacy

• Availability of affordable housing

• Improvement in transportation technology

• Increase in automobile ownership

• Movement of jobs to suburban areas

Causes of urbanization:

• Industrialization and job opportunities

• Rural to urban migration

• Increase in birth rates and life expectancy

• Expansion of transportation systems

• Improvement in healthcare and sanitation.

Rank-size rule

A principle that states that the size of a city is inversely proportional to its rank. In other words, the nth largest city in a country will be 1/n the size of the largest city.

Primate Cities

Definition: A primate city is a city that is significantly larger than all other cities in a country and dominates its economic, political, and cultural activities.

Gravity Model

The Gravity Model holds that the interaction between two places can be determined by the product of the population of both places, divided by the square of their distance from one another.

Christaller’s Central Place Theory

In any given region there can only be one large central city which is surrounded by a series of smaller cities, towns, and hamlets. The central city provides the goods and services required by people living in surrounding communities.

Urban Hierarchy

A ranking of settlements (hamlet, village, town, city, metropolis) according to their size and economic functions.

Central Place

Central places (settlements) are located on the plain to provide goods, services, and administrative functions to their hinterlands. Examples of these are hardware shops (goods), dry cleaners (services), and town planning departments (administrative).

Market Area

A market area is a surface over which a demand or supply offered at a specific location is expressed. For a factory, it includes the areas where its products are shipped; for a retail store, it is the tributary area from which it draws its customers.

Threshold

Threshold is the minimum number of people needed for a business to operate

Range

Range is the maximum distance people are willing to travel to get a product or service

Limitations of Central Place Theory

it is only concerned with a particular range of economic activity, namely, those goods and services for which the demand is dispersed and is also sensitive to distance.

Megacity

A “megacity” is a city that has a very large, and growing, population. Megacities are typically found in the developing world. They are characterized by high natural population growth, as well as high rates of immigration. (Over 10 million people)

Metacity

Metacities are urban areas with over 20 million people and are ranked by population size

Why are the number of megacities growing in LDCs?

People are moving from rural areas to urban areas in LDCs because there are not very many opportunities in their rural areas so more people are moving to urban areas where there is better housing, education and healthcare.

World City

An urban center that is a major player in the global economy and is connected to a network of other global cities through economic, cultural, and political linkages

How are world cities linked

Global cities are well connected with other countries airports and ports that transport people and goods all over the world. Some cities, such as Amsterdam, are important transport hubs that connect flights to other cities.

Bid-rent theory

The bid rent theory is a geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases. It states that different land users will compete with one another for land close to the city centre

Fuctional Zonation

the division of a city into different regions or zones (e.g. residential or industrial) for certain purposes or functions (e.g. housing or manufacturing) zone. areas with relatively uniform land use, for example, an industrial zone or a residential zone.

Central Business District

The central business district (CBD) is where a large amount of businesses are located. In the concentric zone model, it is located in the center of the city. Houses and apartments are less common in the CBD and tend to be more prevalent outside of it.

Burgess Concentric Zone Model

The concentric zone model, developed by Burgess, describes expansion in concentric rings around the central business district

It does not address local urban politics and forces of globalization.

Hoyt Sector Model

Hoyt's model suggests that people will live in the different sectors based on income levels. Since desirable land (near lakes, hills, places away from the smells of the factories) was more expensive, the elite class neighborhoods were built in zones separated from lower, working-class zones.

based on outdated rail transportation and does not consider the existence of personal cars that lets people commute from low-cost land outside the city boundaries

Harris & Ullman multiple nuclei model

They asserted that the Central Business District (CBD) was no longer the only center of an urban area or city. In earlier models, the CBD was at the core of the urban land use model and was found at the heart of every older city

the abrupt division between zones is really non-existent

Galactic City Model

a city with growth independent of the CBD that is traditionally connected to the central city by means of an arterial highway or interstate.

The galactic city is not an urban model per se, so it is not particularly useful or necessary for describing urban areas

European Cities

cities that developed in Europe during the Medieval Period and that contain such unique features as extreme density of development with narrow buildings and winding streets, an ornate church that prominently marks the city center, and high walls surrounding the city center that provided defense against attack.

How do European cities differ from north american cities

Cities of Western Europe are more pedestrian-oriented and tend to preserve park area, plaza, historic sites, and other public spaces; cities of North America are more automobile-oriented and more people live in suburban neighborhoods where the mall has taken the place of traditional public spaces

Griffin-Ford Latin American city model

This model shows that most cities have a central business district, one dominant elite residential sector and a commercial spine

Disamenity zones

Areas in Latin American cities comprising neighbourhoods characterized by informal housing (slums, squatter settlements) in precarious environmental and social conditions

de Blij African city model

a generalized diagram of an urban area in sub-Saharan Africa that contains pre-colonial, European colonial, and post-colonial elements and is or was segregated by race

McGee Southeast Asian city model

A model that features high-class residential zones that stem from the center, middle-class residential zones that occur in inner city areas in suburban areas, and low-class income squatter settlements that occur in the periphery -Mostly occurs in developing cities in SE Asia.

Zoning

dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as residence and business and manufacturing etc

Relationship between socioeconomic status, residential land use, and density

Politically, higher population density can lead to a more active and influential political environment, as there are more people to participate in the political process and advocate for their interests. At the same time, higher population density can also create challenges for local governments, as they may need to provide more services and infrastructure to support the larger population.

Infrastructure

The basic structure of services, installations, and facilities needed to support industrial, agricultural, and other economic development

What are some things infrastructure includes

Examples of infrastructure include transportation systems, communication networks, sewage, water, and school systems. Investments in infrastructure tend to be costly and capital-intensive, but vital to a region's economic development and prosperity.

Why is infrastructure important?

Infrastructure makes up our roads and transit systems, water pipes and water treatment, as well as our parks and waste facilities, to name just a few. Most people don't typically think about infrastructure unless, of course, it's not working.

What is the relationship between infrastructure and level of development?

Infrastructure affects growth through several supply and demand-side channels. Investments in energy, telecommunications, and transport networks directly impact growth, as all types of infrastructure represent an essential input in any production of goods and services.’

Quantitative data vs. Qualitative data

Quantitative data is anything that can be counted or measured; it refers to numerical data. Qualitative data is descriptive, referring to things that can be observed but not measured

Examples of urban data useful to city planners, geographers, policymakers.

Urban planning includes techniques such as: predicting population growth, zoning, geographic mapping and analysis, analyzing park space, surveying the water supply, identifying transportation patterns, recognizing food supply demands, allocating healthcare and social services, and analyzing the impact of land use.