APHG unit 2 vocab

Agricultural Density

Agricultural Density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable (farmable) land

Asylum Seeker

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

Brain Drain

Large scale emigration by talented people from less developed countries to more developed countries

Carrying Capacity

The largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can support

Census

A complete enumeration (count) of a population

Chain Migration

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.

Circular Migration

The temporary movement of a migrant worker between home and host country to seek employment -or- the movement of workers to multiple areas of a country in a repeated fashion

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Cohort

A population group that is distinguished by a certain characteristic

Demography

The study of population characteristics

Demographic Momentum

This is the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution.

Dependency Ratio

The number of non working members compared to working members for a given population. (Ages 0-15, 65+) Ex. Retired elderly and young children

Doubling Time

he number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Ecumene

The portion of the Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Emigration

Migration from a location

Forced Migration

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.

Gross Migration

Total amount of immigration and emigration. (immigration + emigration)

Guest Worker

A term used for a worker who migrated to a country for work but has no intention of permanently settling in a country.

Immigration

Migration to a new location

Infant Mortality Rate

Percentage of infants who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.

Internal Migration

Permanent movement within the same country

Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across international borders

Intervening Obstacle

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

Intervening Opportunity

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that stalls migration from the ultimate destination with a better option.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.

Maternal Mortality Rate

The annual number of female deaths per 1,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management

Net Migration

The difference between the levels of immigration and emigration (Immigration-Emigration)

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the CBR-CDR/10

Neo-Malthusian

Advocacy of population control programs to ensure enough resources for current and future populations

Periodic Movement

Migration involving temporary, recurrent relocation. Ex. Military service, college

Physiological Density

The total number of people to the total amount of arable (farmable) land

Population Explosion

The rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century.

Population Projection

An estimate of a population's future size, age, and sex composition based on the application of stated assumptions to current data.

Pull Factors

The reason(s) for why a person migrates to a particular country. Ex. Economic opportunities, peace, equality.

Push Factors

The reason(s) for why a person would migrate from their home country. Ex. Persecution, famine, civil war.

Refugee

A person who leaves his/her country due to well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her ethnicity or conflicts.

Remittance

Transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they are from.

Sex Ratio

The number of males per 100 females in a population.

Standard of Living

The quality of life based on the possession of necessities and luxuries that make life easier.

Step Migration

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages. Ex. From farm to nearby village and later to a town and city

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

Unauthorized Immigrant

A person who enters a country without proper documents to do so

Voluntary Migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.