Module 2

Quality, Frequency, Stability

What are the three factors that should be considered when selecting food?

Metabolism

This refers to the chemical changes which take place in cells and tissues which are necessary for the fulfillment of vital functions.

Basal Metabolism

It refers to the sum of all internal working activities of the body at rest.

Oxidation

During metabolism, nutrients are combined with oxygen within each cell. This is called?

Anabolism

This is the process wherein released energy is used to build new substances from simpler substances.

Catabolism

This is the process that involves the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler substances to obtain energy.

Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine

These are secretions of the thyroid gland primarily governing metabolism.

Energy

This refers to the capacity to do work and is used whenever voluntary or involuntary activity is performed.

Kilojoule (kJ)

This refers to the unit of energy in the metric system of measurement.

Kilocalories (Kcal)

This refers to the unit of measuring energy in food and for the body’s needs.

Bomb Calorimeter

It refers to an instrument that measures the energy value of food by burning it completely in a container surrounded by water.

Energy Density

This refers to the amount of energy or calories per gram of a particular food item.

Water and fiber

What are the two components that lowers the energy density of foods?

High energy density

Also known as nutrient-poor, it is associated with overeating, excess intake of calories, and weight gain among others.

Low energy density

Also known as nutrient-rich, it is associated with favorable nutrient intakes and reduced weight gain.

Negative Energy Balance

This occurs when energy intake is less than the energy needed for expenditure, which can lead to weight loss.

Positive Energy Balance

This occurs when energy intake is more than the energy needed for expenditure, which can lead to weight gain/obesity.

Basal Metabolism

What is the energy expenditure for carbohydrates?

Activity

What is the energy expenditure for proteins?

Thermic Effect of Food

What is the energy expenditure for fats?

Basal Metabolic Rate

It refers to the rate at which the body expends energy for activities at rest for an hour or hours.

7, 1

There is a __% increase in energy expenditure for every __ degrees-Fahrenheit elevation above normal body temperature.

Specific Dynamic Action/Thermogenic Effect

This refers to the heat produced by cellular activity during digestion, absorption, and metabolism.

300, 500

During periods of growth, pregnancy, and lactation, the following additional energy is required:

\

1. __kcal/day during the second and third trimester
2. __kcal/day during the entire lactation period

4.184

How many kJ is in 1 kcal?

Number of calories/gram

How do you compute for energy density?