igcse chemistry - physical

effects of concentration on rates of reaction

• as concentration increases, rate of reactions increase

• this is because there will be more reactant particles in a given volume, resulting in more successful collisions, increasing the rate of reaction

effects of temperature on the rate of reaction

particles have more kinetic energy than the required activation energy, therefore more frequent and successful collisions occur

effects of surface area on the rate of reaction

• a greater surface are of particles are exposed to the reactants, resulting in more frequent and successful collisions

effects of a catalyst on the rate of reaction

• create an alternative pathway for the reactions to occur and lowers the activation energy

explain the process of a dynamic equilibrium

• in the beginning, only the reactants are present and the concentration is at its highest

• this means the rate of the forwards reaction is the highest

• as the reaction proceeds, the concentration of the reactants decrease as it is forming into its product, therefore the rate of the forward reaction decreases

• the concentration of the product increases, and so does the rate of the backwards reaction

• the product will decompose to become the reactants