CNA Exam Illinois

acute illness

illness of RAPID onset and short duration (ex. heart attack)

chronic illness

long-term health condition, may not have a cure but can be controlled with proper treatment (ex. arthritus)

functional nursing

nursing care pattern focused on tasks and jobs — each nursing team member is assigned a certain task that they always do

primary nursing

RN is responsible for the person’s total care

team nursing

RN leads a team of nursing staff — RN decides care patient receives

health promotion

reducing risk of illness by learning about healthy lifestyles

disease prevention

ex. immunization to prevent various infectious diseases

rehabilitation/restorative care

returning patient to highest level of physical/mental function

**starts when person first seeks healthcare

medicare

for 65+

part A = hospital, nursing home, etc.

part B = ambulance, Dr., etc (voluntary)

medicaid

jointly funded by government and states providing healthcare for low income persons

ombudsman

supports'/promotes needs and interests of another person —they act on behalf of the patient and advocate for them if there is a concern regarding their care

assault

intentionally attempting/threatening to touch a person’s body

battery

touching a person without their consent

civil law

laws concerned with relationships between people

criminal law

laws concerned with offenses against the public/society

defamation

injuring a person’s name and reputation by making false statements to a third person

libel

making false statements in print, writing, social media, etc.

malpractice

negligence by a professional person

slander

false statements through the spoken word, sounds, sign language, or gestures

tort

a wrong committed against a person or their property

bariatrics

field of medicine focused on treatment/control of obesity

comatose

being unable to respond to stimuli

geriatrics

medical field concerned with problems/diseases of old age

obstetrics

field concerned with women during pregnancy, labor, childbirth, and for 6-8 weeks after birth

kardex

summarizes information from someone’s medical record

anterior

at/towards front

distal

furthest from center/part of attachment

lateral

side

medial

at/near middle

posterior

at/toward back

proximal

closest to center/point of attachment

which term should you define first after separating a medical term to define it (prefix or suffix)

suffix

aphasia

lack of speaking ability

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

dyspnea

labored breathing

atrophy

decrease in size or wasting away of tissue

voiding

emptying urine from the bladder (peeing)

antisepsis

the process, procedures, and chemical treatments that kill microbes and prevent infection

bacteria

1-celled organism that multiply and can infect any body system

who is severe infection most deadly for

burn patients

transplant patients

cancer patients

order of putting on PPE

1. cap (back to front)

2. gown

3. surgical mask/respirator

4. goggles/face sheild

5. gloves

order of removing PPE

1. gloves

2. goggles/face shield

3. gown

4. surgical mask/respirator

5. cap (front to back)

ergonomics

designing a job to fit the worker’s needs

type of joint in our SHOULDERS

ball and socket

type of joint in our ELBOW

hinge

type of joint in our NECK

pivot

voluntary muscles

consciously controlled (ex. arms and legs)

involuntary muscles

work automatically (ex. stomach and blood vessels)

strongest muscles in our body

upper arm, shoulder, hips, thighs

how often should a patient in bed be repositioned

every 2 hours

closed bed

not in use —top linens are folded back

open bed

ready for use —top linen is folded to foot of bed

occupied bed

person is actively inside the bed

surgical bed

made to transfer patient from stretcher to bed after surgery

sheets are fan folded to the side

aspiration

breathing fluid, food, or an object into the lungs

diaphoresis

excessive sweating

what should you do before bathing a resident/patient

have them use the bathroom

hirsutism

excessive body hair

dysuria

pain/difficult urination

enuresis

involuntary loss of urine (bedwetting)

nocturia

frequent urination

oliguria

small amount of urine; less than 500mL in 24 hours

hematuria

blood in the urine

polyuria

abnormally large amounts of urine

healthy amount of urine produced by an adult per day

1500mL

500cc

1 oz is how many cc

30 cc

what does clear urine mean

over-hydration

what does brown urine hint at

dehydration

indwelling catheter

catheter left in bladder so urine drains consistently in drainage bag

straight catheter

catheter that drains bladder then is removed (one time use)

supra-pubic catheter

surgically inserted in bladder through incision above pubis bone

where should a foley bag be hung

on the frame of the bed

colostomy

surgically created opening between the colon and somebody’s body surface

enema

introduction of fluid into recrum and lower colon

how often is an ostomy pouch EMPTIED

when 1/3-1/2 full or 2-6 times per day

how often is an ostomy pouch CHANGED

every 2-7 days or when it leaks

how often should a person stay upright after eating

at least an hour

why would someone need to thicken their foods

trouble swallowing

what does NPO mean

nothing by mouth

what is the breath like of someone with an insulin reaction

sweet

what does HMO stand for

health maintenance organization

what does medicare pay for

only treatments deemed very necessary

what are baseline vitals

initial values to be compared to future measurements

what helps distribute nutrients around the body

insulin

what are the first two steps when in an emergency

assess situation and victim

what are the best material shoes for diabetics

leather

what diet should be used for those on heart attack risk

low cholestorol

what does a pulse oximeter measure

blood oxygen and pulse

what exercises are included in passive ROM exercises

finger

where is an oral temperature taken

in the mouth under the tongue

where is an axillary temperature taken

underarm

where is a temporal artery temperature taken

forehead

what is the most accurate temperature site

rectal

tachycardia

rapid heart rate

bradycardia

slow heart rate

diastole heart phase

resting phase where heart chambers fill with blood

systole heart phase

working phase when the heart contracts and blood is pumped through blood vessels

systollic

pressure in artery when heart contracts (higher number in BP)

diastollic

pressure in artery when the heart is at rest (lower pressure)

how is blood pressure written

systolic/diastolic