Physical Health and Education Semester II Final Review

What is an addictive drug?

A substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence.

What is a carcinogen?

A cancer-causing substance.

What is carbon monoxide?

A colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas.

What is ethanol?

The type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages which is a powerful, addictive drug.

What is leukoplakia?

Thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer.

What are some reasons why teens choose to use tobacco?

Influenced by media messages, cope with stress or control weight, desire to feel mature/independent, and curiosity.

What are the long-term effects of smoking?

Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke, and weakened immune system.

What is considered one drink?

12 oz. of beer, 5 oz. of wine, or 1.25 oz. of a shot (whiskey, vodka).

What factors influence the effects of alcohol?

Body size, gender, food, rate of intake, amount, and medicine.

What is binge drinking?

Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting.

What is an alcoholic?

An addict who is dependent on alcohol.

What does sobriety mean?

Living without alcohol.

What is THC?

Tetrahydrocannabinol, a psychoactive substance in marijuana.

What is physiological dependence?

A condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally.

What is psychological dependence?

A condition in which the user has a chemical need for the drug.

What is alcohol abuse?

The excessive use of alcohol.

What are the four steps to alcohol recovery?

Admission, Detoxification, Counseling, Recovery.

What are the three stages of alcoholism?

Abuse, Dependence, Addiction.

What is a poisonous substance found in tobacco smoke?

Nicotine.

What is fermentation?

The chemical action of yeast on sugars.

What is a stimulant?

A drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs.

What is sidestream smoke?

The smoke coming from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe.

What is substance abuse?

Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for non-medical purposes.

What are illegal drugs?

Chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sell.

What are illicit drugs?

The use or sale of any substance that is illegal or otherwise not permitted.

What is paranoia?

An irrational suspiciousness or distrust of others.

What is addiction?

A physiological or psychological dependence on a drug.

What is withdrawal?

Headaches, nervousness, anxiety.

What is tolerance?

Body becomes accustomed to the drug and causes the user to want more to achieve the desired effect.

What is euphoria?

A feeling of intense well-being or elation.

What are designer drugs?

A synthetic drug that is made to imitate the effects of hallucinogens and other drugs.

What are opiates?

Drugs like those derived from the opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain.

What is rehabilitation?

Process of medical and psychological treatment for physiological or psychological dependence on a drug or alcohol.

What is an overdose?

A strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug.

What are psychedelic drugs?

A class of drugs that affect perception, cognition, and mood.

What are inhalants?

Substances whose fumes are sniffed or inhaled to give a mind-altering effect.

What are the four main groups of psychoactive drugs?

Stimulants, Depressants, Opiates, Hallucinogens.

What factors influence the choice a teen makes about drug use?

Peer pressure, family members, role models, media messages, perception of drug behavior, misleading information.

What is a gateway drug?

A drug that may lead the user to try other more dangerous drugs.

What are anabolic-androgenic steroids?

Synthetic substances similar to male sex hormones.

What does anabolic refer to?

Refers to muscle building.

What does androgenic refer to?

Refers to increased male characteristics.

What are club drugs?

Drugs found at concerts, dance clubs, drug parties (raves).

What is PCP?

Angel dust.

What are roofies?

Colorless, tasteless sedative known as the 'date rape drug'.

What is a flashback?

Experiencing the emotional effects of a drug long after its actual use.

What are behaviors associated with someone having a drug problem?

Constantly talks about drugs, stops participating in important activities, changes in eating/sleeping habits, weight loss, unsafe behaviors, troubled with authority, careless about appearance, withdrawn or depressed, difficulty concentrating, grades suffer.

What is nutrition?

The process by which your body takes in and uses food.

What are the functions of nutrients?

Energy source, repair tissue, growth, transport oxygen, and regulate body functions.

What are the nutrients that provide energy?

Carbohydrates.

What is most important nutrient?

Water.

What is trans fat?

Fats that are produced through hydrogenation, which is the hardening of vegetable oil.

What is another name for body fat?

Adipose tissue.

What is the 4-4-9 rule?

4 calories per one gram of protein, 4 calories per one gram of carbohydrates, and 9 calories per one gram of fat.

What are the two types of vitamins?

Water soluble and fat soluble.

What are two types of fat?

Unsaturated fats and saturated fats.

What are two types of carbohydrates?

Simple and complex carbs.

What are two types of amino acids?

Essential amino acids and nonessential amino acids.

What is fiber?

Aids digestion, prevents disease.

What are the functions of cholesterol?

Creates cell walls, certain hormones, vitamin D.

What is osteoporosis?

Bones become fragile and break easily.

What is the body’s #1 energy source?

Glucose.

What is the difference between hunger and appetite?

Hunger is the natural physical drive to eat prompted by the body's need for food, while appetite is the psychological desire for food.

What is the difference between food intolerance and food allergy?

Food intolerance means that you have a negative reaction to food that doesn’t involve the immune system, while food allergy is a condition in which the body's immune system reacts to substances in food.

What is the difference between simple and complex carbs?

Simple carbs are sugars, fructose, and lactose; complex carbs are starches, complex sugars, grains, bread, pasta, and root vegetables.

What are the five food groups?

Grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, meats & beans.

What is anaphylaxis?

Condition in which the throat swells up and the heart has trouble pumping.

What are the guidelines for food safety?

Clean, separate, cook, and chill.

What is cross contamination?

The spreading of pathogens from one food to another.

What are the functions of protein?

Building block of all body cells, body growth during childhood & adolescence, maintain body cells over a lifetime, regulates body systems, energy source.

What is the definition of a vitamin?

Compounds found in food that help regulate body processes.

What is pasteurization?

Treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens.

What are amino acids?

Building blocks of protein; 20 amino acids, 9 of them are essential.

What is the difference between LDL and HDL cholesterol?

LDL is low density lipoprotein (Bad), while HDL is high density lipoprotein (Good).

What is foodborne illness?

Food poisoning.

What is a food allergy?

Condition in which the body’s immune system reacts to substances in food.

What are complex carbs?

Starches, complex sugars, grains, bread, pasta, root vegetables.