Physical Health and Education Semester II Final Review

Kody Kody - Semester Two Test Review

1. addictive drug - A substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence

2. carcinogen - A cancer-causing substance

3. carbon monoxide - A colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas

4. ethanol - The type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages which is a powerful, addictive drug

5. leukoplakia - Thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer

6. why teens choose to use tobacco - Influenced by media messages, cope with stress or control weight, mature/independent, curiosity, 

7. long term effects of smoking - Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke, and weakened immune system

8. what is considered one drink - 12 oz. of beer, 5 oz. of Wine, 1.25 oz. of a shot (whiskey, vodka)

9. factors that influence the effects of alcohol - body size, gender, food, rate of intake, amount, and medicine

10. binge drink - Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting

11. alcoholic - An addict who is dependent on alcohol

12. sobriety - Living without alcohol

13. THC - Tetrahydrocannabinol, psychoactive substance in marijuana

14. physiological dependence - A condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally

15. psychological dependence - A condition in which the user has a chemical need for the drug

16. alcohol abuse - The excessive use of alcohol

17. four steps to alcohol recovery - Admission, Detoxification, Counseling, Recover

18. three stages of alcoholism - Abuse, Dependence, Addiction

19. poisonous substances in tobacco smoke - Nicotine

20. fermentation - The chemical action of yeast on sugars

21. stimulant - A drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs

22. sidestream smoke - The smoke coming from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar or pipe

23. substance abuse - Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for non-medical purposes

24. illegal drugs - Chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sell

25. illicit drugs - The use or sale of any substance that is illegal or otherwise not permitted

26. paranoia - An irrational suspiciousness or distrust of others

27. addiction - A physiological or psychological dependence on a drug

28. withdrawal - headaches, nervousness, anxiety

29. tolerance - body becomes accustomed to the drug and causes the user to want more to achieve desired effect

30. euphoria - A feeling of intense well-being or elation

31. designer drugs - A synthetic drug that is made to imitate the effects of hallucinogens and other drugs

32. opiates - Drugs like those derived from the opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain

33. rehabilitation - Process of medical and psychological treatment for physiological or psychological dependence on a drug or alcohol

34. overdose - A strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug

35. psychedelic drugs - a class of drugs that affect perception, cognition, and mood

36. inhalants - Substances whose fumes are sniffed or inhaled to give a mind-altering effect

37. four main groups of psychoactive drugs - Stimulants, Depressants, Opiates, Hallucinogens

38. factors that influence the choice a teen makes about drug use - Peer pressure, Family members, Role models, Media messages, Perception of drug behavior, Misleading information

39.  gateway drug - a drug that may lead the user to try other more dangerous drugs

40. anabolic-androgenic steroids - Synthetic substances similar to male sex hormones

41. anabolic - Refers to muscle building

42. androgenic - Refers to increased male characteristics

43. club drugs - Drugs found at concerts, dance clubs, drug parties (raves)

44. PCP - Angel dust

45. roofies - colorless, tasteless sedative “data rape drug”

46. flashback - experiences the emotional effects of a drug long after its actual use

47. behaviors associated with someone having a drug problem - constantly talks about drugs, stops participating in activities that used to be important, Changes in eating or sleeping habits, weight loss, unnecessary risks, participates in unsafe behaviors, in trouble more often and with all authority figures, careless about appearance, withdrawn or depressed, difficulty concentrating, grades suffer

48. nutrition - process by which your body takes in and uses food

49. functions of nutrients - energy source, repair tissue, growth, transport oxygen, and regulate body functions

50. nutrients that provide energy - Carbohydrates

51. nutrients that provide energy and nutrients that don’t provide energy - Proteins don’t provide energy; however, Carbohydrates and Fats do provide energy

52. most important nutrient - Water

53. trans fat - fats that are produced through hydrogenation which is the hardening of vegetable oil

54. another name for body fat - Adipose tissue

55. 4-4-9 rule - 4 calories per one gram of protein, 4 calories per one gram of carbohydrates, and 9 calories per one gram of fat

56. two types of vitamins - water soluble and fat soluble

57. two types of fat - Unsaturated Fats, saturated fats

58. two types of carbs - simple and complex carbs

59. two types of amino acids - essential amino acids and nonessential amino acids

60. fiber - aids digest, prevents disease

61. functions of cholesterol - creates cell walls, certain hormones, vitamin D

62. osteoporosis - bones become fragile and break easily

63. body’s #1 energy source - Glucose

64. hunger vs. appetite - hunger is the natural physical drive to eat prompted by the body’s need for food and appetite is the psychological desire for food

65. food intolerance vs. food allergy - food intolerance means that you have a negative reaction to food that doesn’t involve the immune system. food intolerance is a condition in which the body’s immune system reacts to substances in food.

66. simple vs. complex carbs - simple carbs are sugars, fructose, and lactose. Complex carbs are starches, complex sugars, grains, bread, pastas, and root vegetables.

67. five food groups - Grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, meats & beans

68. anaphylaxis - condition in which the throat swells up & the heart has trouble pumping

69. guidelines for food safety - clean, separate, cook, and chill

70. cross contamination - the spreading of pathogens from one food to another

71. protein functions - building block of all body cells, body growth during childhood & adolescence, maintain body cells over lifetime, regulates body systems, energy source

72. vitamin definition - compounds found in food that help regulate body processes

73. pasteurization - treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens

74. amino acids - building blocks of protein; 20 amino acids 9 of them are essential

75. LDL vs. HDL cholesterol - low density lipoprotein (Bad) high density lipoprotein (Good)

76. foodborne illness - food poisoning

77. food allergy - condition in which the body’s immune system reacts to substances in food

78. complex carbs. - starches, complex sugars, grans, bread, pasta, root vegetables