Bio Midterm

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When does DNA replication take place?

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There are some questions from the practice test here.

Biology

8th

119 Terms

1

When does DNA replication take place?

Interphase

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2

How many daughter cells are formed by Mitosis?

2 daughter cells

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3

How many chromosomes are in each daughter cell compared to the parent cell?

Same amount of chromosomes are found in each daughter and parent cell.

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4

Interphase?

the cell grows, DNA  replication

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5

Prophase?

DNA condenses, nuclear membrane dissolves

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6

Metaphase?

chromosome line up along the central of the cell

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7

Anaphase

one set of  chromosomes moves across to each end of the cell

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8

Telophase?

two cells form cytokinesis

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9

Genetically, are the daughter cells identical?

yes, there identical

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10

What types of cells are formed from the Meiosis process?

Haploid cells/gametes (sperm and

egg)

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11

How many daughter cells are formed in Meiosis?

4 cells

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12

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13

What is Crossing Over?

Pairs of chromosomes exchange genetic info during the  Interphase before Meiosis.

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14

What are Multicellular organisms?

an organism composed of many cells.

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15

Where are the sex

cells produced?

Male – testes

Female – ovary

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16

What is a sex cell

called?

Male - sperm,

Female - egg

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17

Goal of Mitosis

Help body cells grow. Help replace old cells.

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18

Goal of Meiosis

Makes sex cells (sperm and  eggs) to increase variation in  human reproduction.

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19

Function of the new daughter cells in Mitosis?

All body cells, except sex  cells

Growth and repair

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20

Function of the new daughter cells in Meiosis?

Sexual cells for sexual

reproduction

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21

Number of cell divisions at the  end of each cycle in Mitosis?

1

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22

Number of cell divisions at the  end of each cycle in Meiosis?

2

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23

Number of daughter cells  produced from parent cell in Mitosis?

2 daughter cells

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24

Number of daughter cells  produced from parent cell in Meiosis?

4 daughter cells

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25

Exchange of genetic material  between chromosomes in Mitosis?

No

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26

Exchange of genetic material  between chromosomes in Meiosis?

Yes, Crossing Over during  Prophase I

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27

How is the genetic material of daughter cells compared to parent cells in Mitosis?

Same genetic information as parent cells

Same function as parent cells

Genetically identical

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28

How is the genetic material of daughter cells compared to parent cells in Meiosis?

Different genetic information, different function

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29

Number of chromosomes in daughter cells compared to parent cells in Mitosis?

Same as the parent cell

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30

Number of chromosomes in daughter cells compared to parent cells in Meiosis?

Final number of chromosomes is reduced by a half

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31

Cellular Respiration Formula?

C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen) -- 6CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6H20 (water) + energy

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32

Where does Cellular Respiration occur?

Mitochondria (powerhouse of the cell)

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33

Primary Function of Carbohydrates?

quick source of energy, includes starches.

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34

Primary Function of Lipids?

storing energy

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35

Primary Function of Protiens?

building tissue and cell parts, enzymes

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36

Primary Function of Nucleic Acids?

components of DNA

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37

Elements of Carbohydrates?

C, H, O

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38

Elements of Lipids

C, H, O

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39

Elements of Proteins?

C, H, O, N

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40

Elements of Nucleic Acids?

C, H, O, N, P

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41

8.2 mm = __μm?

8,200μm

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42

3900 μm = __ mm?

3.9mm

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43

Cell Theory? (3 parts)

  1. All cells come from pre-existing cells

  2. All living things are composed of one or more cells

  3. The cell is the basic unit of life.

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44

Function of the Cell Membrane?

Regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.

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45

Function of the Nucleus?

The structure in a cell that contains chromosomes and stores genetic information.

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46

Function of the Mitochondria?

The powerhouse of the cell.

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47

Function of the Ribosomes?

Make protein through enzymes.

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48

Function of the Vacuole?

In plants it to store water and in animals it is a storage for waste products.

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49

Function of the Chloroplasts?

That converts light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process.

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50

Function of the Cell Wall?

Provides strength and protection for a cell and gives structure.

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51

Cell Membrane, Animal or Plant cells?

Both

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52

Nucleus, Animal or Plant cells?

Both

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53

Mitochondria, Animal or Plant cells?

Both

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54

Ribosomes, Animal or Plant cells?

Both

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55

Vacuole, Animal or Plant cells?

Both

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56

Chloroplasts, Animal or Plant cells?

Plants

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57

Cell Wall, Animal or Plant cells?

Plants

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58

What does S, I, G stand for? (NYS mandate lab)

Starch, Iodine, and Glucose

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59

What does Poly mean?

Many units

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60

What does Mono mean?

One unit

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61

How are Polymers broken down?

Hydrolysis

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62

What is a Triple Beam Balance used for?

to measure the mass of various objects.

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63

What is a Graduated Cylinder used for?

measuring the volumes of liquids.

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64

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65

What is Chromatography?

process for separating components of a mixture.

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66

What are Enzymes used for?

help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.

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67

What is the Neutral pH level?

7

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68

What is the Acidic pH level?

lower than 7

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69

What is the Basic pH level?

above 7

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70

What is Diffusion?

the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

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71

What is Osmosis?

the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

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72

What is Cellular Respiration?

the process by which organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions.

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73

What is Photosynthesis?

the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

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74

What is Active Transport?

the process of moving molecules across a cellular membrane through the use of cellular energy.

low - high concentration

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75

What is Asexual reproduction?

a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent.

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76

What is Sexual reproduction?

a mode of reproduction involving the fusion of haploid female and male gametes.

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77

What is pH?

A measure of how acidic or basic a substance or solution is

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78

What is a Solution?

mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent

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79

What is Homeostasis?

balance or equilibrium.

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80

What is a Zygote?

fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm).

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81

What is a Diploid?

A cell containing two copies of each chromosome

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82

What is a Haploid?

the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism's cells.

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83

What is Budding?

an asexual reproduction method in which a new organism develops from a bud of an existing organism.

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84

What is Vegetative Propagation?

an asexual method of plant reproduction that occurs in its leaves, roots and stem.

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85

What is Regeneration Runners?

the natural process of replacing or restoring damaged or missing cells, tissues, organs, and even entire body parts.

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86

What is a Polyploid?

A cell or an organism containing more than two sets of homologous chromosomes.

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87

What are Guard Cells?

pairs of epidermal cells that control gas diffusion by regulating the opening and closure of stomatal pores.

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88

What are Genes?

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.

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89

What is Binary Fission?

asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies.

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90

What is DNA?

molecule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual

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91

What are Tubers?

storage organs for nutrients in some plants.

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92

What is Tetrad?

a group or arrangement of four

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93

What is Facilitated Diffusion?

the diffusion of solutes through transport proteins in the plasma membrane.

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94

What is Reproduction?

the production of an offspring

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95

What causes Cancer?

rapid cell division

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96

What are Chromosomes?

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell that carries genetic info

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97

What are Centromeres?

the region where the cell's spindle fibers attach.

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98

What is Cytokinesis?

the process of division of cytoplasm

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99

What is Digestion?

the complex process of turning the food you eat into nutrients

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100

What is Excretion?

the process where all the metabolic wastes are removed from the body

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