Intro CMDS Chapter 4: Childhood Language Disorders - Pages 89-101

5 components of language (+content, form, use)

phonology: sound system (form)

morphology: word structure (form)

syntax: how words are arranged in sentences (form)

semantics: meaning (content)

pragmatics: purpose (use)

How does each of the following contribute to language development?

0-3 months - stimulus-response sequence

-if the child signals, caregivers respond

- constant stimulus results ina predictable response

How does each of the following contribute to language development?

3-4 months - predictable patterns

-provided by rituals

-they begin to form expectations of events and to participate more (ex. peekaboo)

How does each of the following contribute to language development?

8-9 months - intentionality

-goal directedness in interaction primarily thru gestures

-intentional vocalizations, gestures, and eye contact during attempts to communicate

Representation

the process of having one thing stand for another. For example, in play a hand towel might be used as a blanket for a doll.

Symbolization

using an arbitrary symbol, such as a word or sign, to stand for something.

Relationship b/t speech perception @ 6 months & later language -
+ importance of this relationship

Better speech perception at 6 months of age is related to better word understanding, word production, and phrase understanding later

Lexicon

can also be called a personal dictionary, containing words that reflect that child's environment.

Expressive vocabulary # for the following ages:
18 months

50 words

Expressive vocabulary # for the following ages:
By 2-years of age

approx 300 words

Expressive vocabulary # for the following ages:
By ages 3-4 years

900 to 1,500

Expressive vocabulary # for the following ages:
By 1st grade

2600 words

Expressive vocabulary # for the following ages:
e. By 6th grade

30,000

Reformulation

an adult response to a child's utterance in which the adult adds to the child's utterance to provide a more complex example of what the child has said

Temporal terms-

first and last

Quantitative terms

more than

Qualitative terms

bigger than

Familial terms

brother

Conjunctions

and, if, so, but, and because

Bound morphemes
a. -ing
b. Plural & Possessive "s"
c. Past tense -ed

jumping
cats and mommy's
talked

Importance of categorization skills

As a child's vocabulary increases, categorization will become increasingly important for storage and word finding.

Mean length of utterance

measured in morphemes, an important measure of preschool development because language increases in complexity as it becomes longer

Metalinguistic skills

abilities that enable a child to consider language in the abstract, to make judgements about the correctness of language, and to create verbal contexts, such as in writing

Figurative language

non literal phrases consisting of idioms, metaphors, similes and proverbs

Changes in use

conversational skills develop and conversational narratives expand to make mature storytelling

Changes in form w/ comparatives & derivational suffixes

as language develops, comparatives used more and so are word endings that change the word class (making verbs nouns with -er like paint and painter)