Acid-Base Homeostasis

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to acid-base homeostasis as discussed in the lecture notes.

pH Regulation

The process of maintaining the balance of hydrogen ions in the body to ensure normal physiological function.

Normal serum pH

The normal range of pH in serum, between 7.35 and 7.45.

Buffer systems

Chemicals that combine with acids or bases to change and stabilize pH.

Bicarbonate–carbonic acid system

One of the four major buffer mechanisms in the body.

Respiratory regulation

The process by which the respiratory system manages pH by altering respiratory rate.

Renal regulation

The process by which the kidneys adjust the excretion or retention of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate to regulate pH.

Acidosis

A condition characterized by a decreased pH (below 7.35) due to increased acidity or decreased bicarbonate.

Alkalosis

A condition characterized by an increased pH (above 7.45) due to increased alkalinity or excess bicarbonate.

Compensatory mechanism

The body's response to counteract acidosis or alkalosis to restore normal pH.

Metabolic Acidosis

A condition resulting from bicarbonate deficit or acid excess leading to a pH below 7.35.

Metabolic Alkalosis

A condition resulting from excess bicarbonate or deficient acid leading to a pH above 7.45.

Respiratory Acidosis

A condition caused by hypoventilation leading to increased carbon dioxide and decreased pH.

Respiratory Alkalosis

A condition caused by hyperventilation leading to decreased carbon dioxide and increased pH.

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis

A test that measures pH, PaCO2, HCO3, and PaO2 to assess acid-base balance.

Anion gap

A calculated measure used to help identify the cause of metabolic acidosis.