Chapter 32

Photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

What are the four main tissues in the animal body?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous

What is homeostasis?

An attempt to maintain a relatively stable internal environment through negative feedback mechanisms.

How long would it take the human body to generate enough heat to boil half a gallon of water?

30 minutes

What is Epithelial tissue?

Tissue that covers and lines the body cavities. It is avascular and gets blood through diffusion.

How is the outer layer of skin replaced?

It is continuously shed and replaced by mitotic cell division.

What are the three types of epithelial tissues?

Squamous Epithelial, Cuboidal Epithelial, and Columnar Epithelial.

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine?

Exocrine secretes sweat and oil through a duct. Endocrine secretes hormones directly into the blood.

What are the three main types of connective tissue?

Loose Connective Tissue, Dense Connective Tissue, and Specialized Connective Tissue

What function does connective tissue have in the animal body?

Support, protection, and connects other body tissues

What is the purpose of loose connective tissue?

The “bubble wrap” of the body and is found under the skin, around the heart, nerve, and blood vessels.

What is the purpose of dense connective tissue?

It is densely packed with fibers which gives the tissue great strength

What are two examples of dense connective tissue?

Tendons: Connect muscle to bone
Ligaments: Connects bone to bone

What are the five types of specialized connective tissues?

Compact bone, spongy bone, cartilage, blood, and lymph

What is the purpose of skeletal muscle?

Attaches to the bone and moves the body under voluntary control

What are the two types of skeletal muscle?

Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

What is the purpose of nervous tissue?

Uses electrical signals

What are the two main layers of the skin

Epidermis layer and dermis layer.

How does blood get back to the heart?

Through one-way check valves in veins and when muscles contract that send blood back to the heart.

What is the space between neurons called?

Synaptic cleft

What are the general features of connective tissue?

The amount and type of fibers

What is the difference between spongy and compact bone?

Spongy bone is softer bone that is found on the ends of bones and is a lot lighter. Compact bone is very hard bone that is found in the middle of the bone.

What are the characteristics of cartilage?

Has zero blood supply, designed for flexibility, and has widely spaced cells with a thick matrix between them.

Where is cartilage found?

Around the trachea, fetal skeleton, between vertebrae, ears, nose, etc.

What is the purpose of squamous epithelium?

Protection (lines the body, skin, heart, lungs, and blood vessels)

What is the purpose of cuboidal epithelium?

Found in making up glands that secrete substances

What is the purpose of columnar epithelium?

Absorption (in respiratory and digestive system)

What is the purpose of skin?

Physical protection from trauma and pathogens

Where is melanin made?

Lower epidermis layer

What is the hypodermis

A small layer of fat under the skin used for insulation and for connecting the dermis layer of your skin to your muscles and bones

What is the largest organ of the body?

Skin

How does skin cancer occur?

When U.V rays destroy and mutate DNA in skin cells. Skin cancer occurs more frequently in people with fair skin and with more moles.

What is the purpose of glial cells?

Aid and support nerve cells.

What are dendrites?

They carry the nerve impulses to the cell body

In relation to nervous tissue, what is the cell body?

Has the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm

What is an axon?

Carries nerve impulses away from the cell body

What is an axon terminal?

Packed with neurotransmitters that transport nerve impulses to a target cell

How often does mitotic cell division occur?

4 million times per second

How long does it take for humans to have a new layer of skin?

27 days

A positive feedback mechanism is…

Birth