Honors Bio Unit 1 Test

What is Science

A process of explaining natural events.

Explanations often are created from…

Scientific Notation

The five scientific methods in order.

1. observe and ask questions

2. Infer and form hypothesis

3. Design controlled experiment

4. Collect and analyze data

5. Interpret data and conclusion

Observe and ask questions is when…

You ask a question about something based on what you observe with your senses.

A hypothesis is…

a educated guess about how things work

Designing a Controlled Experiment can…

test whether your prediction was accurate

Collect and analyze data is when…

Once an experiment is complete, analyze the measurements and see how the independent variable impacted the dependent variable.

Interpret data and conclusion answers…

does a conclusion retute or support the hypothesis

Conclusion should be based on…?

the evidence collected

Observation is the…

use of other sense

Inference is a…

logical conclusion on observations

Experiment is an…

an orderly procedure to measure changes and test a hypothesis

What are Variables in a experiment?

factors that can be changed or measured

What is a controlled expirement?

An experiment with only one variable changed.

What is a Independent Variable?

the variable you change

What is a Dependent Variable?

the variable you measure that was changed because of the independent variable

What is a Controlled Variable?

A group that is unchanged, everything is normal.

All living organisms are dependent upon _ for survival.

water

What is polarity?

The distribution of negative and positive electrical charged over atoms joined by a bond

Is water polar?

Yes, water is polar.

Is oil polar?

No, oil is not polar

What can an uneven distribution of electrons cause water to be?

Slightly charged on each end.

What are Hydrogen Bonds?

Weak bonds between hydrogen with a partial charge and a more electronegative atom

What are the 5 Important Water Properties?

Liquid Water, Density, Solvent, Adhesion and Cohesion, and High Specific Heat

Water has a _ boiling point.

high

Water has a _ freezing point.

low

Why is water found all over the planet?

Because it is at the perfect temperature.

Is ice less dense than water?

Yes

Why is water less dense when frozen?

Unlike most substances, water expands when frozen and traps air making it less dense.

Water is called the…

Universal Solvent

Capillary Reaction works because of what?

Adhesion

Cohesion

H₂O sticks together (due to polarity)

Adhesion

H₂O sticks to other substances

Water has a _ heat.

A high specific heat

What does water having a high specific heat mean?

It takes more heat/energy to increase the temperature than other substances

What is an Atom?

The smallest basic unit of matter

What is an Element made up of?

An element is made up of its own type of atom.

Where are neutrons found in?

Atoms

A Atom has a _ and _

Neutron and electron shells

What does a nucleus contain?

It contains protons and neutrons

The Nucleus contains…?

Protons and Neutrons

Electrons are found in…?

electrons are found in electron shells out side of the nucleus

What are electron shells?

Energy Level

What are Electrons?

Negative Charge

What are Protons

Positive Charge

What is a Nuetron?

An uncharged atomic particle that has the same mass equal to the proton

Atomic Number equals…

equals the charge on the nucleus (the number of protons)

Atomic Mass is…?

The mass of protons + neutrons

What is a Compound?

A substance made up of two or more different elements bonded together in a fixed ration

Living things are full of…?

Compounds

Atoms will do what do complete the outermost electron shell?

gain, lose, or share

How are Ions formed?

When atoms gain or lose electrons

What is a Cation?

Positive Charge

What is an Anion?

Negative Charge

Ionic Bond-

Atom gives electron(s) to another atom (cation+anion=strong)

Covalent Bond-

electrons are shared between atoms

What are covalent bonds usually between?

2 nonmetals

What are the elements essential for life?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

What is a chemical reaction?

Chemical changes (ionic, coalent)

All chemical reactions have _ and _

Products and Reactants

Reactants are changed…

Reactants are changed during a chemical reaction

Products are made…

Products are made by a chemical reaction

What is Bond Energy?

The amount of energy that breaks a bond.

Energy is _ to break bonds.

Added

Energy is _ when bonds form.

Released

Exothermic is when…?

energy is released more than absorbed (reactants have higher bond than product)

Endothermic is when…?

Energy is absorbed more than released (product has a higher bond than reactants)

Activation Energy is…?

the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed to start a chemical reaction

Balanced Chemical Reaction is…?

the number of atoms for each element is the same for both the reactants and the products. (mass is balanced)

Carbon forms… w/ up to…?

Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to 4 other atoms including carbon atoms

Carbon-based molecules are the…

foundation of life

What are Monomers?

Individual repeating subunits that are combined chemically.

What are Polymers?

They are made up of monomers, joined by chemical bonds.

All organisms depend on _ carbon-bonds.

4

Carbohydrate

Sugars & Starches

What do Carbohydrates contain?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

What are carbohydrates function?

To break down to provide energy for cells

What are Monosaccharides?

Single subunit (sugar)

What are Polysaccharides?

3 or more monosaccharides linked together

What are examples of Carbohydrates?

Starch, Glucose, Cellulose, Fructose

What is the monomer for Carbohydrates?

Monosaccharide

What are Lipids?

nonpolar molecules

Are Lipids a Polymer?

No, they do not have monomers

What do Lipids contain?

Carbon chains-fatty acids

Fats and oil contain _ bonded to _

Fats and oil contain fatty acid tails bonded to glycerol head

What is Saturated Fat?

Solid at room temperature

What is Unsaturated Fat?

Mainly Liquids at room temperature

What is the function of Lipids?

1. To break down as a source of energy (fat cells)

2. make up cell membrane

3. used to make hormones

What are the monomers for Lipids?

Glycerol and Fatty Acid

What are examples of lipids?

Cell Membrane

What are Proteins?

Polymers of amino acid monomers

How many different amino acids are used to build all proteins in organisms?

20 different amino acids

What are Amino Acids?

Simple organic compounds

Proteins differ in_ and _ of amino acids

Number in order of amino acids

What are amino acids linked together by?

Peptide bonds

What is the monomer for protein?

Amino Acids

What are examples of Protein?

Amylase and Catalse

What are Nucleic Acids?

Made up of nucleotides

Describe how nucleotides are linked together

Nucleotides link together in a chain of alternating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate