Minerals

ANSC 301 - Exam 3

are minerals organic or inorganic?

inorganic

what % of the body do minerals make up?

3-5%

__________ makes up ½ of the body’s minerals

calcium

________ makes up ¼ of the body’s minerals

phosphorous

the total mineral content of plants or animals is called _____

ash

how are minerals fed to animals?

using a mineral box/trough or using salt blocks

what are the 2 types of minerals?

major minerals (macrominerals) and minor minerals (microminerals)

macrominerals

minerals normally present at greater levels in the animal body or needed in relatively large amounts in the diet

the 7 essential macrominerals:

• calcium

• chlorine

• magnesium

• phosphorous

• potassium

• sodium

• sulfur

microminerals

minerals normally present at low levels in the animal body or needed in very small amounts in the diet

the 12 microminerals:

• cobalt

• copper

• fluorine

• iron

• iodine

• manganese

• molybdenum

• selenium

• zinc

• chromium

• nickel

• silicon

what’s considered a good source of most minerals?

forage plants

what is the most abundant mineral found in grains?

phosphorous

where and in what form are minerals absorbed?

small intestine in the ionic form

what are factors that affect mineral absorption?

• age of animal

• form of mineral

• pH of intestinal tract

• binding or chelating components may reduce absorption

• excesses or interactions within minerals

general function: skeletal formation and maintenance

Ca, P, Mg, Co, Mn

general function: oxygen transport

P, S, Zn

general function: fluid balance

Na, Cl, K

general function: regulating acid-base balance of entire system

Na, Cl, K

general function: activators and/or components of enzyme systems

Ca, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, M, Zn

general function: mineral-vitamin relationship

Ca, P, Co, Se

function of Calcium

bone and teeth formation, eggshell formation, milk production, muscle contraction

function of phosphorous

bone and teeth formation, acid-base balance, phosphorylation

function of sodium

osmotic pressure and acid-base equilibrium, cell permeability

function of chlorine

osmotic pressure and acid-base equilibrium, HCl acid in digestion

function of magnesium

enzyme activator in glycolytic system, bone formation

function of potassium

osmotic pressure and acid-base equilibrium, muscle activity

function of sulfur

sulfur containing AA, component of biotin and thiamine, function in tissue respiration

function of iron

cellular respiration

function of copper

cofactor in several oxidation-reduction enzyme systems, hemoglobin synthesis, bone formation, hair pigmentation

function of zinc

cofactor in several enzyme systems, bone and feather development

function of manganese

activator of enzyme systems in oxidative phosphorylation, AA metabolism, synthesis, cholesterol metabolism, bone formation, growth and reproduction

function of cobalt

component of B12, needed in rumen bacteria for growth and B12 synthesis

function of iodine

thyroxine formation

function of selenium

protects cellular membrane damage by peroxides, functions closely related to Vit E

function of molybdenum

purine metabolism, stimulates microbial activity in rumen

function of fluorine

traces protect against teeth decay