Phylum Cnidaria & Porifera Test Review

What is the larval form of all cnidarians called?

Planula

What sector of the body are a lambs utters in?

Posterior ventral

What symmetry does a stapler have?

Bilateral

What symmetry does a pen have?

Radial symmetry

What is an unusual thing that Ms. Poole had in her first aid kit when she took students to the coast on field trips?

Adolph’s Meat Tenderizer

What is the use of Adolph’s Meat Tenderizer?

It relieves minor jellyfish stings

What is it called when divers dive by/in/around coral reefs?

Fossicking

Who was the woman who wanted to swim from Cuba to Florida without the protection of a shark cage at the age of 64?

Diane Nyad

What sea creatures did Diane Nyad run into when swimming from Cuba to Florida?

A swarm of Portuguese Man-of-War Jellyfish

In 1969, when Neil Armstrong landed on the Moon what was it that was visible from space?

The Great Barrier Reef

How long is the Great Barrier Reef?

1,250 miles

How much area does the Great Barrier Reef take up?

80,000 square miles

What are the 3 types of coral formations?

Fringing/marginal, atoll, and barrier

What is the type of coral formation that goes all the way around an island and forms a lagoon?

Atoll

How far from the shore is a fringing/marginal coral formation?

2-20 miles

How far from the shore is a barrier coral formation?

20-200 miles

What is coral made out of?

Coral polyps

True or False. Coral formations only include alive coral polyps.

False

What is the skeletal structure of a coral polyp called?

Calyx

What is the base of the calyx (coral polyp skeletal structure) called?

Basal Disc

What are the outer walls of the calyx (coral polyp skeletal structure) called?

Theca

What is the calyx (coral polyp skeletal structure) made up of?

Limestone or CaCO3

How long are the tentacles of a Portuguese Man-of-War jellyfish?

60 feet

How wide is a Portuguese Man-of-War jellyfish?

8-12 inches

What bodily function/system does the deadly neurotoxin, released by members of the class Schyphozoa, affect?

Breathing/respiratory system

What do the effects of the deadly nuerotoxin, released by members of the class Scyphozoa, mimic?

Suffocating

How do you season a sponge?

Let it soak in water till it is soft and then repeatedly fill it with water and squeeze it out till all the spicules are gone and it is soft.

True or False. Sponges produce eggs and sperm at alternating times.

True

What is in phylum Porifera?

Sponges

What is the defining feature of Cnidarians?

The use of cnidocytes

How many cell layers do Cnidarians have?

2

What is the outer cell layer of Cnidarians called?

The epidermis/ectoderm

What does the epidermis/ectoderm hold?

Cnidocytes

What is the inner cell layer of Cnidarians called?

The endoderm

What does the endoderm contain?

Cells that produce digestive enzymes and break up food particles

What is the minor phylum containing “comb jellies” called?

Phylum Ctenophora

How do “comb jellies” move?

Ctenes

True or False. “Comb jellies” are bioluminescent.

True

What are the 2 tentacles on some animals in the minor phylum, phylum Ctenophora, called?

Colloblasts

What type of symmetry does a starfish have?

Pentaradial symmetry

What type of symmetry do humans have?

Bilateral symmetry

What type of symmetry does a ball/sphere have?

Spherical symmetry

What type of symmetry do sponges have?

Asymmetry/none

What type of symmetry do jellyfish have?

Radial symmetry

What are holes in sponges in which water is absorbed called?

Ostia

What are organisms that have both male and female organs called?

Hermaphrodites

How do hermaphrodites avoid self-fertilization?

Alternating times for production of eggs and sperm

What are cells that take water in using their single flagella called?

Collar cells/choanoctyes

What is the ring of nervous tissue only found on organisms in class Schyphazoa called?

Rhopalia

Why would you want to wear thick protective clothing when diving near coral?

Coral has lots of bacteria so if it cuts you the cut will get infected

What are small things that are found on organisms with a medusa body structure that is used to balance them using gravity?

Statocysts

What are the cells on a jellyfish that are used to detect light?

Ocelli

What body structure does a Hydra have?

Polyp

What body structure does a Jellyfish have?

Medusa

What body form does a Portuguese Man-of-War jellyfish have?

Medusa AND Polyp

Where does digestion occur in most Cnidarians?

The gastrovascular cavity (GVC)

What is the skeletal structure of sponges?

Spicules

Where does excess water leave through on a sponge?

The osculum

What can Amoebacytes do?

Move between both cell layers, form gametes, and digest food.

What is the tissue surrounding the mouth on jellyfish?

Velum

True or False. Class Hydrozoa contains organisms with only polyp body structures.

False

True or False. Class Anthozoa contains organisms with only medusa body structures.

False

True or False. Class Scyphozoa contains organisms with only medusa body structures.

True

What color are dead coral polyps?

Chalk white

What are cells loaded with toxins that are found on the tentacles of Cnidarians?

Cnidocytes

What does the Cnidocil on a Cnidocyte do?

When triggered it discharges the toxin

What is another name for a Cnidocyte?

Nematocyst

What is the elimination of liquid waste?

Excretion

Where does food enter on a Cnidarian?

The mouth

Where does waste exit on a Cnidarian?

The mouth

What is the asexual bud found on a sponge?

A gemmule

True or False. A gemmule can go dormant if conditions are not favorable.

True

What is the concentration of nervous tissue in the anterior region of the body called?

Cephalization

What is an organism that is attached at a base and cannot move on its own but still has movement called?

Sessile

What was the former name of phylum Cnidaria

Phylum Coelenterate

Crab & sponge, Portuguese Man-of-War jellyfish & Nomeus, Sea Anemone & Clownfish, Coral & Green Algae; All of these are an example of what type of relationship?

Mutualism/Mutualistic relationship

Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?

Off the North-East coast of Australia

What type of organisms would you find by coral reefs?

Diverse, colorful, and dangerous

What is the genus of the first sponge Ms. Poole showed on the whiteboard?

Grantia

What is the Physalia Physalis’ common name?

Portuguese Man-of-War jellyfish

True jellyfish, sting that is not deadly but is extremely painful; What is this organism?

Sea Nettles

What class is the sea anemone in?

Class Anthozoa

What is exchanged in the mutualistic relationship between coral and green algae?

Coral get oxygen that the green algae produces and the green algae gets a safe place to live

What body structure does the Sea Wasp have?

Medusa

What was the experiment that supports the theory that jellyfish’s ocelli are used to not only detect light but also detect motion and obstacles?

Divers in full wet suits blocked a Sea Wasps path and the Sea Wasp stopped and changed directions every time its path was blocked

What time period were Irukandji most relevant in?

1950s

What body form are Irukandji?

Medusa

True or False. Irukandji are not lethal at all.

False

How do sponges respire?

Water flows through them and they collect oxygen from that

How do sponges reproduce?

Budding

How do sponges get rid of waste?

When water flows through them they let the waste out and it flows away

How do sponges collect food?

Dissolved organic material flows with the water and so it is collected when the water flows through them

How do sponges excrete?

They have an osculum that performs excretion

How do Cnidarians respire?

Their cells collect oxygen from the water around them

How do Cnidarians reproduce asexually?

Budding

How do Cnidarians reproduce sexually?

Release sperm and eggs into the ocean forming a planula

How do Cnidarians excrete?

When waste is being removed through the mouth water circulate and leaves with it

How do Cnidarians acquire food?

Sting it with the cnidocytes on the tentacles and shove it in their mouth

How do Cnidarians get rid of waste?

They push it out of their mouth using water circulation

What is the mesoglea?

A jellylike material between the endoderm and ectoderm of sponges and coelenterates