NATURE OF LANGUAGE AND TYPES OF COMMUNICATION (Lessons 1-5)

A set of Q&A flashcards covering the key concepts from the notes on language, types of communication, communication modes, contexts, models, and ethics.

What are the three components of language as defined in the synthesis?

A system of rules (grammar), a sound system (phonology), and a vocabulary (lexicon).

What term refers to the languages acquired while growing up and used in one's community?

Mother tongues or first languages.

What are languages other than the first language called that are learned for various reasons?

Second languages.

How does language change occur according to the synthesis?

Through contact with other languages; language change is a natural behavior of all languages.

What are the three modes of communication according to mode?

Verbal, non-verbal, and visual.

What is the relationship between verbal and non-verbal communication?

They should be blended; effective communication uses both and they complement each other.

Give examples of visual communication.

Signs, symbols, imagery, maps, graphs, charts, diagrams, pictographs, photos, drawings, illustrations, emojis, emoticons, animation.

What should be considered in visual communication to convey messages effectively?

Graphic elements such as position, color, size, shape, orientation, and proper contextual interpretation.

What are the five communication contexts listed?

Intrapersonal, interpersonal, extended, organizational, intercultural.

What is intrapersonal communication?

Talking to oneself; self-talk, inner monologue, or inner dialogue.

What characterizes interpersonal communication?

An interactive exchange between/among people, occurring in dyads or small groups; may be social (interpersonal) or transactional depending on the goal.

What distinguishes transactional from interpersonal talks?

Interpersonal talks aim to maintain social relationships; transactional talks aim to accomplish or resolve something.

What is extended communication?

Communication that involves electronic media, including television, radio, teleconferencing, video conferencing, Skype, etc.

What is organizational communication?

Communication focused on organizational contexts; requires a system of rules and standards for clear interaction.

What is intercultural communication?

Communication between people from different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds; cultural norms like eye contact vary by culture.

What are the two forms of communication according to purpose and style?

Formal and informal communication.

What characterizes formal communication?

Formal language delivered orally or in writing; examples include lectures, public talks, proposals, reports, and business letters; aims to inform, entertain, or persuade.

What characterizes informal communication?

Casual, personal conversations; modes can be oral or written; aims to socialize and strengthen relationships.

What are the 7Cs of effective written communication?

Clarity, Conciseness, Concreteness, Correctness, Coherence, Completeness, Courtesy.

What are some general principles of effective oral communication?

Be clear about topic and purpose, be complete and concise, be natural in delivery, use appropriate gestures, exude confidence, and provide timely feedback.

What are some general principles of effective written communication?

Be clear, concise, concrete, correct, coherent, complete, and courteous.

Why is a code of ethics important in communication?

It guides behavior, promotes honesty and integrity, and helps maintain a good reputation and effective decision-making.

Name the four major communication models discussed.

Aristotle's, Laswell's, Shannon-Weaver's, and Berlo's models.

What are the key variables in Aristotle’s model?

Speaker, Speech, and Audience (speech tailored to the audience).

What does Laswell’s model describe with its five Ws?

Who says what in which channel to whom with what effect (communicator, message, medium, receiver, effect).

What are the core components in Shannon-Weaver’s model?

Information source, Transmitter, Channel, Receiver/Decoder, Destination; plus Noise and Feedback.

What are the major variables in Berlo’s SMCR model?

Source, Message, Channel, Receiver (with factors like communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, and cultural factors affecting the process).