bio unit 2 vocab

polar/polarity

difference in electronegativity

hydrophilic

tendency to mix with water

hydrophobic

tendency to repel water

h-bonds

attraction between positive H atoms and negative N, O, F atoms

attraction between molecules that is strong without sharing electrons

capillary action

movement of liquid without gravity

cohesion

attraction of identical molecules

adhesion

attraction of dissimilar molecules

surface tension

surface of liquid uses cohesion to resist external force

heat capacity

the heat energy needed to raid temp by 1°C

organic

from a living organism

functional group

group of atoms in molecules that are responsible for a characteristics

hydroxyl (OH makes substance more soluble) carboxyl (COOH make amino fatty acids) carbonyl (CO found in every sugar) phosphate (PO4 in nucleic acids) amino (NH2 make all proteins)

monomer

type of molecule that bond to make a chain

polymer

the chain of monomers

hydrolysis reaction

chemical reaction when water is added to a molecule making two separate molecules

dehydration reaction

chemical reaction where water is removed from two molecules to make one molecule

lipid (wax/oils)

C H O P

no distinct monomer/polymer

saturated fatty acid has no double bond in carbon chain (straight)

unsaturated fatty acid has double bond in carbon chain (bent)

stores long term energy, hydrophobic

carbohydrates (fruits, breads)

C H O

monomers called monosaccharides (glucose, fructose) and polymers called polysaccharides (glycogen, chitin, cellulose)

1,2,1 carbon hydrogen oxygen ratio

stores short term energy, supports structure, hydrophilic

proteins (meats, cheese)

monomers called amino acids (with amino, carboxyl, R, H, and central C groups) and polymers called polypeptides (collagen, keratin)

C, H, O, N, S

transport cells, supports structure, chemical reaction speed, cell communication, immunity, growth, homeostasis

nucleic acids (dna cell fluid)

monomers called nucleotides (phosphate pool, 5 carbon (sugar), and nitrogen base) and polymers called nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)

C, H, O, N, P atoms

stores and transmits genetic information, hydrophilic

water bonds

intermolecular forces are polar covalent bonds, intramolecular forces are the h bonds

properties of water

less dense in solid form, very high heat capacity, universal solvent, capillary action, polar with negative o

what elements make up all living things

C H O N P

carbon versatility

form single double and triple bonds

practice drawing amino acid