Chapter 4 Integumentary System

epidermis

Outer layer of skin

Keratin

scleroprotein component of the horny, or cornified, layer of the epidermis. It is also contained in the hair and nails.

Melanin

color, or pigmentation, of the skin

sudoriferous glands

sweat glands; tiny, coiled, tubular structures that emerge through pores on the skin's surface and secrete sweat

sebaceous glands

secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis

hair

compressed, keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles, the sacs that enclose the hair fibers

nails

originate in the epidermis. Nails are found on the upper surface of the ends of the fingers and toes. The white area at the base of the nail is called the lunula, or moon.

cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o

skin

hidr/o

sweat

kerat/o

horny tissue, hard

onych/o, ungu/o

nail

seb/o

sebum (oil)

trich/o

hair

aut/o

self

bi/o

life

coni/o

dust

crypt/o

hidden

heter/o

other

myc/o

fungus

necr/o

death (of cells or whole body)

pachy/o

thick

rhytid/o

wrinkle

staphyl/o

grapelike clusters

strept/o

twisted chains

xer/o

dry

epi-

on, upon, over

intra-

within

para-

beside, beyond, around, abnormal

per-

through

sub-

under

trans-

through, across, beyond

-a

noun suffix, no meaning

-coccus

berry-shaped bacterium

-ectomy

excision or surgical removal

-ia

diseased or abnormal state, condition of

-itis

inflammation

-malacia

softening

-opsy

view of, viewing

-phagia

eating, swallowing

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-tome

instrument to cut

abrasion

scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury

abscess

localized collection of pus

acne

inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles

actinic keratosis

precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight

Albinism

congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

epithelial tumor arising from the epidermis. It seldom metastasizes but invades local tissue. Common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure.

candidiasis

infection of the skin, mouth, or vagina caused by the yeast-type fungus

carbuncle

skin infection composed of a cluster of boils caused by staphylococcal bacteria

cellulitis

inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection, characterized by redness, swelling, and fever

contusion

injury with no break in the skin, characterized by pain, swelling, and discoloration (bruise)

eczema

noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching

fissure

slit or cracklike sore in the skin

furnucle

painful skin node caused by staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle

gangrene

death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion

herpes

inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters

impetigo

superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or streptococci

infection

invasion of pathogens in body tissue. An acute infection may remain localized if the body's defense mechanisms are effective or may persist to become subacute or chronic. A systemic infection occurs when the pathogen causing a local infection gains access to the vascular or lymphatic system and becomes disseminated throughout the body

Kaposi sarcoma (KS)

cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremities that spreads through lymph nodes and internal organs; frequently seen with AIDS

laceration

torn, ragged-edged wound

lesion

any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease

MRSA infection

invasion of body tissue by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

pediculosis

invasion into the skin and hair by lice

psoriasis

chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales

rosacea

chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules, and broken blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older than 30 years

scabies

skin infection caused by the itch mite, characterized by papule eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing into the outer layer of the skin and laying eggs

scleroderma

disease characterized by chronic hardening of the connective tissue of the skin and other body organs

squamous cell carcinoma

malignant growth that develops from scalelike epithelial tissue

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system

tinea

fungal infection of the skin; ringworm

urticaria

itchy skin eruption composed of wheals of varying sizes and shapes

vitiligo

white patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes associated with autoimmune disorders

cauterization

destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, electric current, or caustic substance

cryosurgery

destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen

debridement

removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from a wound

dermabrasion

procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material, such as sandpaper

excision

removal by cutting

incision

surgical cut or wound produced by a sharp instrument

incision and drainage (I&D)

surgical cut made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a lesion, wound, or cavity

laser surgery

procedure using an instrument that emits a high-powered beam of light used to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissue

Mohns surgery

technique of microscopically controlled serial excisions of skin cancers

suturing

to stitch edges of a wound surgically

alopecia

hair loss

bacteria

single-celled microorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue

cicatrix

scar

cyst

closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

herpes-type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised

diaphoresis

sweating

ecchymosis

escape of blood into the skin (or mucous membrane), causing a small, flat, purple, or blue discoloration, as may occur when blood is withdrawn by a needle and syringe from an arm vein

edema

puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid

erythema

redness

fungus

organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surroundings and may cause infection by invading body tissue

induration

abnormal hard spots

jaundice

condition characterized by a yellow tinge to the skin

keloid

overgrowth of scar tissue

Leukoplakia

condition characterized by white spots or patches on mucous membrane, which may be precancerous

macule

flat, colored spot on the skin

nevus

circumscribed malformation of the skin, usually brown, black, or flesh colored

nodule

small, knotlike mass that can be felt by touch