Theories of Counseling - Psychoanalysis vs. Adlerian vs. Gestalt Therapy

Driven by unconscious forces

Psychoanalysis

Thanatos & Eros

Psychoanalysis

Human nature is somewhat determined, not strict determinism

Psychoanalysis

Id, Ego, and Superego

Psychoanalysis

topographical model of mental life

Psychoanalysis

conscious, unconscious, and preconscious

Psychoanalysis

Ice berg analysis

Psychoanalysis

Anxiety is a motivational source

Psychoanalysis

Reality, neurotic, and moral

Psychoanalysis

Years 1-6 provide foundation on which personality is developed

Psychoanalysis

Love and Trust, negative feelings, and sexuality

Psychoanalysis

Defense mechanism is a distortion of reality

Psychoanalysis

Repression

Psychoanalysis

Regression

Psychoanalysis

Reaction formation

Psychoanalysis

Rationalization

Psychoanalysis

Displacement

Psychoanalysis

Sublimation

Psychoanalysis

Projection

Psychoanalysis and Gestalt

Make the unconscious conscious

Psychoanalysis

Strengthen the Ego

Psychoanalysis

Blank screen approach

Psychoanalysis

Foster transference

Psychoanalysis

Analyze projections

Psychoanalysis

intensive and long in nature

Psychoanalysis

Face-to-face time followed by couch time

Psychoanalysis

Therapist-client relationship is conceptualized in the transference process

Psychoanalysis

Therapist is a substitute for significant others

Psychoanalysis

Deals with unfinished business

Psychoanalysis and Gestalt

It is “an experience of feelings to a person which do not befit that person - in fact they apply to another.”

Psychoanalysis

Ask “Do I remind you of anyone?”

Psychoanalysis

Analytical framework

Psychoanalysis

Free association

Psychoanalysis

Therapist interprets - points out, explains, and teaches meaning of behavior

Psychoanalysis

Dream analysis

Psychoanalysis

Resistance

Psychoanalysis and Gestalt

Consciousness is the center of personality

Adlerian

People are motivated by social urges

Adlerian

Social-psycholoigcal-teleological view

Adlerian

Past experiences are important

Psychoanalysis and Adlerian

Key is person’s perception of the past

Adlerian

People are in control of their fate

Adlerian

In early years, a distinctive lifestyle is created

Adlerian

Personality is understood holistically and systematically

Adlerian

Personality is formed through the life goal

Adlerian

Behavior is purposeful and goal-oriented

Adlerian

People live by aims and purposes not outside forces

Adlerian

Decisions are based on people’s experiences, situations, and direction they are moving toward

Adlerian

Fictional finalism

Adlerian

Striving for superiority

Adlerian

A strong inclination toward becoming competent

Adlerian

Inferiority feelings are the source of human striving

Adlerian

Compensation

Adlerian

Lifestyle is a person’s basic orientation to life or his/her personality

Adlerian

Ruling type

Adlerian

Getting type

Adlerian

Avoiding type

Adlerian

Socially useful

Adlerian

gemeinschaftsgefuhl

Adlerian

Social interest is the greatest value for humans

Adlerian

Humans have innate potential to cooperate with other people to achieve personal and societal goals

Adlerian

The main reason people seek therapy is because of low social interest

Adlerian

Three tasks - relating to other, making a contribution, and achieving intimacy

Adlerian

Birth order is a major influence in childhood

Adlerian

Develop a client’s social interest

Adlerian

Increase self-awareness

Adlerian and Gestalt

Challenge and modify client’s life goals

Adlerian

Identifying and exploring mistaken goals and faulty assumptions

Adlerian

Comprehensive assessment of client’s functioning

Adlerian

Private logic is explored

Adlerian

Collaborative in nature

Adlerian and Gestalt

Therapist and client are equals

Adlerian and Gestalt

Client is not passive

Adlerian and Gestalt

Assess family constellation

Adlerian

Access early recollections

Adlerian

Assess dreams

Adlerian

Assess priorities

Adlerian

Existential and phenomenological approach

Gestalt

Holistic perspective

Adlerian and Gestalt

Ability to handle or cope with life problems is inherent

Gestalt

Humans have innate potential for personal growth

Adlerian and Gestalt

The “now ethos”

Gestalt

Power is in the present

Gestalt

Past is gone and future is not arrived

Gestalt

No why questions

Gestalt

Just bring the past into the present

Gestalt

Interacting with nature and others without losing one’s sense of individuality

Gestalt

Ego defense mechanisms

Psychoanalysis and Gestalt

Introjection

Gestalt

Retroflection

Gestalt

Deflection

Gestalt

Confluence

Gestalt

Avoidance

Gestalt

Neurotic layers

Gestalt

Onion metaphor

Gestalt

Phoney layer

Gestalt

Phobic layer

Gestalt

Impasse

Gestalt

Implosive level

Gestalt

Explosive level

Gestalt