Fundamental SI Units and Prefixes

mass

kilogram kg

length

meter m

time

second s

temperature

kelvin K

electric current

ampere A

amount of substance

mole mol

luminous intensity

candela cd

mega M

10^6

kilo k

10³

hecto h

10²

deka da

10^1

deci d

10^-1

centi c

10^-2

milli m

10^-3

micro

10^-6

nano n

10^-9

pico p

10^-12

giga G

10^9

F =

C * 1.8 + 32 

C =

(F – 32) / 1.8

K =

C + 273.15 

1 m³ =

1000 L

Random error

when measurement is randomly too high or too low (equipment limitations) 

systematic error

when measurement is consistently too high or too low (impurity) 

sig figs

1. Nonzero integers are always significant 

2. Leading zeros (0.0025) are not significant 

3. Captive zeros (1.008) are significant 

4. Trailing zeros (100. Or 1.00 * 10^2) are significant if there's a decimal (100 only has 1 sig fig) 

5. Exact numbers: do not count, or unlimited precision 

sig fig multiplication/division

go with the fewest # of sig figs 

sig fig addition/subtraction

go with the same decimal place as the least precise data 

sig fig rounding

round up or down, then omit digit that'd become a 0 

1 mole

6.022 * 10^23