Unit 6: heart review

Coronary Artery Disease Signs and Symptoms

possible MI, pale skin, easily fatigued,

Aneurysm

An area of a blood vessel that bulges because of weakness in the wall

Atherosclerosis

Hardening of blood vessels caused by deposit of fatty material

Bilateral Presence

Checking the pulse on both sides of the body

Blood Pressure

Force of blood against the walls of the arteries

Coronary

Pertaining to the heart

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Resting pressure on the arteries as the heart relaxes between contractions

Hepatic Circulation

Path of blood from heart to the liver

Myocardial Infarction

An area of tissue death caused by lack of oxygen

Pulmonary Circulation

Path of blood from heart to lungs

Pulse Rate

Number of heart contractions per minute

Pulse Rhythm

Pattern of the heart beats

Pulse Volume

Strength of the pulse

Stethoscope

instrument used to listen to body sounds

Systemic Circulation

Circulation of blood from the cells of the body to the heart

Systolic Blood Pressure

Pressure exerted on the arteries during the contraction phase of the heart beat

Vein

blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart

Erythro

Red

Leuk

White

Tachy

Fast

arter

Artery

ather/o

Plaque

atri

Atrium

cardio

Heart

coron/o

Heart

valv

Valve

phleb/o

Vein

hem/o

Blood

hemat/o

Blood

itis

Inflammation

ac

pertaining to

emia

blood condition

lysis

destruction, breakdown

malacia

softening

megaly

enlargement

osis

condtion/abnormal

rrhexis

rupture

sclerosis

hardening

stenosis

tightening

BP

Blood Pressure

CABG

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

CCU

Critical Care Unit

ECG/EKG

Electrocardiogram

MI

Myocardial Infarction

ECHO

Echocardiogram

ASHD

arteriosclerotic heart disease

CHD

Coronary Heart Disease

CHF

Congestive Heart Failure

Epicardium

Outer layer of the pericardium

Myocardium

muscular, middle layer of the heart

Endocardium

inner lining of the heart

septum

Divides the right and left chambers of the heart

Superior Vena Cava

Vein that transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the heart

inferior vena cava

A vein that is the largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart.

Right Atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Tricuspid Valve

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Right ventricle

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Pulmonary Valve

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Pulmonary Artery

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

Pulmonary Vein

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Left Atrium

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

Mitral/Bicuspid Valve

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Left Ventricle

Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta

Aortic Valve

heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

Aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

Order of blood through the heart

1. Sup and Inf vena cavas 2. R Atrium 3. Tricuspid Valve 4. R Ventricle 5. Pulmonary Valve 6. Pulmonary Artery 7. lungs 8. pulmonary vein 9. L Atrium 10. Mitral/Bicuspid Valve 11. L Ventricle 12. Aortic Valve 13. Aorta 14. Body

Normal BPM

72 bpm

How much blood does the heart circulate

5-7 liters

2 Types of blood vessels

arteries (away) and veins (towards)

Functions of blood vessels

Transport nutrients and oxygen, transport waste to kidneys, distribute hormones and antibodies, help contain temp and homeostasis,

Where does the heart lie

Thoracic cavity between lungs

Pericardium

Membrane surrounding the heart

Where are the atria and where are the ventricles?

Atria (top) Ventricles (bottom)

Coronary Circulation

flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart

Largest Artery

Aorta

Largest Vein

vena cavas

HBP Etiology

Result of lifestyle: ex: overweight, drinking, smoking, lack of exercise, stress

HPB signs and symptoms

No symptoms, if left untreated: liver dmg, kidney dmg, stroke

HBP Treatment and Prevention

meds and lifestyle change

Stroke Etiology

Blood clot that blocks the flow of blood in a vessel

Stroke Signs and Symptoms

numbness, tingling, headache, confusion, difficulty speaking, face droop, vision problems, trouble walking

Stroke Treatment and Prevention

meds(blood thinners), surgery, clot busters

Arteriosclerosis Etiology

hardening of arteries bc of aging, smoking, bad diet, low exercise.

Arteriosclerosis Signs and Symptoms

HPB, fatigue, aneurisms

Arteriosclerosis Treatment and Prevention

Good diet, exercise, surgery

Aneurysm Etiology

defect/ disease, weakened artery walls

Aneurysm Signs and Symptoms

pain, pressure, frequently has no symptoms

Aneurysm Treatment and Prevention

surgical removal of weak artery part

Coronary Artery Disease Etiology

Narrowing of coronary artery because of plaque build up Atherosclerosis is a specific type of arteriosclerosis but terms are used interchangeably.

Coronary Artery Disease Treatment and Prevention

balloon angio plasty surgery

Myocardial Infarction Etiology

blood flow to heart is cut off causing permanent damage to heart tissue

Myocardial Infarction Signs and Symptoms

Chest pain and discomfort in the jaw, shoulder, neck, and/or back pain. Dizzy, light headed, fainting, nausea, SOB, pale skin, weakness,

Myocardial Infarction Treatment and Prevention

call 911, loosen restrictive clothes, surgery, meds, nitro glycerin

Congestive Heart Failure Etiology

Heart cant pump its usual capacity, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.

Congestive Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms

swelling of the feet/ankles blood pooling or fluid edema in near tissues

Congestive Heart Failure Treatment and Prevention

Surgery, Meds, Heart transplant

Anemia Etiology

RBCs dont send enough o2 to tissues bc of low blood count

Anemia Signs and Symptoms

fatuige, difficulty breathing, tachycardia,

Anemia Treatment and Prevention

varies by type, fe supplements, blood transfusions, bone marrow transplant.

Hemophilia Etiology

hereditary, lack of clotting factors