Darius' Invasion of Greece

These flashcards cover key terms, events, and themes related to Darius' invasion of Greece as described in the lecture notes.

Darius' Campaign

A military expedition against Greece seeking revenge for the Ionian Revolt.

Ionian Revolt

A rebellion by Greek city-states against Persian rule that prompted Darius to invade Greece.

Eretria

A Greek city attacked and destroyed by Persians as punishment for supporting the Ionian Revolt.

Marathon

A strategic landing site for Persians, suitable for cavalry and near Eretria.

Hippias

An exiled Athenian tyrant who aided the Persians in their invasion of Athens.

Punishment Tactics

Methods used by Persians, including destruction and enslavement, to retaliate against conquered cities.

Fear and Surrender

Reasons some Greek cities capitulated to the Persian forces due to overwhelming strength and internal divisions.

Destruction of Temples

The Persian strategy of destroying religious sites to punish resistance and discourage rebellion.

Internal Divisions

Conflicts within a city that weakened its defense against the Persian invasion, exemplified by Eretria.

Persian Strategy

A mix of overwhelming force and calculated restraint, as seen in their treatment of Delos.

Consequences of Rebellion

The broader theme highlighting the escalation of conflict between Greece and Persia.

Retaliation

Actions taken by the Persians against Greek cities for their earlier resistance and support of the Ionian Revolt.

Cavalry Advantage

The geographical suitability of Marathon for cavalry operations during the Persian invasion.

Guide for Invasion

Role of Hippias in leading the Persian forces to attack Athens based on his knowledge of the area.

Significance of Eretria

Represents the consequences faced by cities that opposed Persian rule.

Sardis

A major city whose burning during the Ionian Revolt triggered Darius’ desire for revenge.

Cultural Respect

The Persian approach that sometimes involved respecting religious sites to avoid resistance.

Overwhelming Force

The military strategy employed by the Persians during their campaign against Greece.

City Punishments

The fate of cities like Eretria, which faced severe consequences for their rebellion.

Darius' Objectives

To expand Persian territory and avenge previous Greek defiance.