if highlighted blue ignore it for my personal needs
I) Nationality, Race, and Ethnicity
A. Nationality is the part of your identity that you share with a particular country or nation for example France or Nigeria
B. Race is the part of your identity that comes from a biological ancestor and shared similar physical
appearances like skin, hair, facial, body, etc.
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- Race is very complicated as can be seen in the 2000 US census and the life of president Barack Obama
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- Racial features like skin tone matter little biologically but important to geographers because it impacts behavior and how people are treated like how they live, what school they go to, and etc.
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- In its worst form racial classification can be used to assign intelligence and justify racism
C. Ethnicity is the part of your identity that comes from sharing cultural traditions of a particular homeland
and often results in similar languages, religion, traditions, and etc. For example Asian Americans and
African Americans
Example- Beyonce
- Nationality- American (Politically)
- Race- Black or African ( Biologically)
- Ethnicity- African American (Cultural)
II) Ethnicity
- Nationality and ethnicity are place based but race is not
A. Its importance comes from the fact that it is not nearly as fluid as language or even religion and helps
resist globalization by protecting local diversity
- Tough issues- discrimination
B. Ethnicity in the US- on a regional scale, eccentricities have distinctive distribution within the US.
- African American- 13%
- Many upper New England and plains states have fewer than 1%
- Most African Americans ancestors are from west Africa and central Africa
- 1/4 of population in Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, South Maryland
- Hispanic American
- Southwest
- People from Spanish speaking countries in Latin america
- Mexican- Largest group
- Clustered in Arizona, New mexico, Texas (1/3 of the population), California ( 1/4 pf the population)
- Asian American
- Chinese (23%) , Filipinos (18%), Korean and Vietnamese (10%), Japanese (7%)
- 1/2 live in California
- Hawaii (more than 40% of the population)
- Native American/ indigenous people
- 7% of the US population
- first native Inuit and the metros
- large number in Canada 4%
- biggest native Hawaiian Cherokee and Navajo
III) Ethnic Enclaves
- Ethnic enclaves is a place with a high concentration of an ethic group different from the surrounding area usually large cites
A. Benefits of the enclaves- Protection from racism economic support, common culture, help navigating
government
B. Examples of the Urban Ethnic Enclaves can be found in African in Paris, Asian in London, White African-
Americans and Hispanics in Chicago
C. Urban Enclaves may transform over time such as in Detroit as Europeans moved out and ethnoburbs are
created and ethnicity is mainly maintained through shops and religion
- Ethoburb- a suburban area with an ethnic cluster
IV) Brazil and Guyana Examples
- South- Whites
- North- Indigenous (brown)
- Northeast- Brown and Black
- West/ Central- white and brown
- West Border- indigenous
- Northeastern coast- East indian
- North/Central- black
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5) Distribution of Ethnicity
6)Ethnicity and Conflict- Nationality
- A. Nationality is identifying with a particular country and is based on similar experience like citizenship, voting, patriotism, and civil duties
- B. Generally speaking most countries exits with one nationality and many ethnicity such as the United States
- C. Nationality can be unclear due to political issues such as In North Ireland and Canada with French speaking Quebecois of Quebec who want independence
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7) The UK’s Complicated Nationality
- A. The UK consists of 4 distinct ethnicity who are semi-independent- North Ireland, Scotland, England, and Wales
- B. 3 of the groups came from Celtic backgrounds and England came from German invasion
- C. They are separated by cultural, landscape, and politics, They are all British.
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8) Nationalism
- A. Nationalism is extreme devotion to a nationality and promotes one nations above all others
- B. It can be a force for good or bad ans is considered a centripetal force or force that unifies the people and build support for the nation
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9) Divided Ethnic Groups
- A. Colonial India Divided
- Controlled by the British with many ethnic and religious groups
- B. India Partitioned
- British leaves in 1947 and divided it into East and West Pakistan for Muslim and India for the Hindus
- C. Ethnicity New Countries and Violence
- Violence erupts white people are moving Bangladesh forms and they never resolve casmir
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10) The Kurds Divided- One Ethnicity and many countries
- A. The residue of WW1 (Sunni Muslims) almost got independence until the kurks decide to expand turkey
- B. Treatment of the Kurds
- Scattered across turkey , Iran, Iraq, and Syria
- Oppressed by turkey and Iraqi governments
- Turkey made Kurdish language illegal until 1991 but it is still banned in schools
- C. Kurds in Iraq
- The US has helped them have some independence in Iraq after the 1st Gulf War and after the 2nd Gulf War
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11) Asia Ethnicity
- Ethnic boundaries and nationality rarely match up causing much tention
- A. Turkey
- Majority Turks control government with Kurds being the largest minority
- B. Lebanon
- Tried to slave political powers among ethnic group (Muslim, Christian, Druze) sometimes successful
- C. Syria
- 90% Arab and 9% Kurd. Arab extremely divided over Muslim religion and civil war has occurred
- D. Iraq
- Us invlvment in created a democracy has been difficult die to ethnic conflict between Shiite Muslims, Kurds, and Sunni Muslims
- E. Iran
- Persian, largest group of Shiite Muslim and have control of government
- US/Iran relations bad since 1979 revolution hostage crisis
- F. Pakistan
- Ethnic group divided over Sunni and Shia Muslim
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12) Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide
Vocab
- Self Rule- (self determination) desire to transform ethnic group into a nationality (Kurds)
- Nation State- a state (country) whose territory matches the ethnic boundaries (Japan and Denmark)
- Centrifugal Force- forces that lead a state disunity (Ex, religion, language, ethnicity, ideology) (opposite of centripetal)
- Multi Ethnic State- nation with multiple ethnic groups with an tradition of self- rule (Uk, Soviet Union) ]
- Irredentism- desire to reclaim land based on past affiliation (Germany)
- Balkanized- destabilization of an area due to feuding ethnic groups
- Balkanization- the process of the breaking down of a nation due to ethnic struggles
- Genocide- mass killing of an ethnic group
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