Cardiac Ischemia Lecture

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to hematology and cardiology, focusing on red blood cells, hematological disorders, and heart function.

Erythrocytes

Also known as red blood cells; responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood.

Erythropoiesis

The process of producing new red blood cells in the bone marrow.

Reticulocyte

An immature form of a red blood cell, which is released into the bloodstream when there is an increased demand for red blood cells.

Anemia

A condition characterized by a lack of sufficient red blood cells, leading to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and carries it throughout the body.

Hypoxia

A deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues, which stimulates erythropoiesis.

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

A lab value that indicates the average size of red blood cells; used to classify types of anemia.

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

A lab value that calculates the average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell, indicating color.

Hypochromic

Red blood cells with a pale color due to low hemoglobin content.

Hyperchromic

Red blood cells that are overly saturated with hemoglobin, appearing very red.

Spleen

An organ that filters blood and removes old red blood cells from circulation.

Cardiac Output

The amount of blood the heart pumps out of the left ventricle per minute.

Stroke Volume

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat.

Preload

The volume of blood in the heart at the end of diastole, influencing stroke volume.

Afterload

The resistance the left ventricle must overcome to pump blood out of the heart.

Contractility

The ability of the heart muscle to contract and increase stroke volume.

Heart Failure

A condition where the heart cannot pump effectively, causing inadequate blood supply to tissues.

Systolic Dysfunction

Heart failure characterized by a weak left ventricle that cannot contract effectively.

Diastolic Dysfunction

Heart failure characterized by a stiff left ventricle that cannot relax and fill properly.

Left Ventricular Failure

A type of heart failure where the left side of the heart cannot pump oxygenated blood to the body.

Right Ventricular Failure

A type of heart failure where the right side cannot pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

Natriuretic Peptides

Hormones that help the body excrete sodium and water, counteracting fluid overload.

RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)

A hormonal system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance; can worsen heart failure if overactive.

Edema

Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues, often related to heart failure.

Orthopnea

Difficulty breathing when lying flat, indicative of left-sided heart failure.

Jugular Vein Distension (JVD)

Bulging of the neck veins due to increased pressure in the venous system, associated with right-sided heart failure.