Lab 10 - Joints and muscular system

What are the two ways joints are classified?

By the function and structure

What are the three ways that the function of joints is defined?

Synarthroses- immovable, amphiarthroses - slightly movable and diarthroses - freely movable

What are the three ways that the structure of joints is defined?

Fibrous, cartilagenous or synovial

Two types of fibrous joints?

Sutures and Syndesmoses

What kind of CT are fibrous joints bound together?

Dense fibrous CT

How are sutures functionally defined as? Example?

Synarthroses. B/w cranial/facial bones

How are syndesmoses functionally defined as? Example?

Synarthroses. Joint found at the distal articulation b/w tibia and fibula

Two types of cartilagenous joints?

Synchondroses and symphyses

How are synchondroses functionally defined as? Example?

Synarthroses. B/w rib 1 and manubrium

How are symphyses functionally defined as? Example?

Amphiarthroses. Intervertebral discs and pubic symph

Function of synovial fluid? 4 points?

Provides nourishment for the cartilage, lubrication, fills the cavity and cushioning

Fibrous capsule, joint cavity, articular cartilage, periosteum, synovial membrane, articulating bone

Label from top to bottom

6 types of synovial joints?

Plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball-socket

Plane joint

B/w ribs 2-7 and sternum, sacrum and coxa, carpals and tarsals, joint b/w the clavicle and acromion process, femur and patella

What kind of joint is this?

Give 5 examples

Hinge joint

Femur and tibia, elbow/knee/ankle joint,

Flexion and extension

What kind of joint is this?

Give 4 examples

What movement does it permit

Pivot Joint

B/w atlas and axis, b/w head of radius and ulna

Rotation

What kind of joint is this?

Give 2 examples

What movement does it permit

Condyloid joint

b/w radius and carpal, b/w occipital bone and atlas, metacarpophalangeal joints

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction

What kind of joint is this?

Give 3 examples

What movement does it permit

Saddle joint

b/w carpal and metacarpal of the thumb

ab and ad, circumduction and rotation

What kind of joint is this?

Give 1 example

What movement does it permit

Ball and socket joint

Shoulder/hip joint

All of dem

What kind of joint is this?

Give 2 examples

What movement does it permit

1. coracoacromial ligament

2. coracoclavicular ligament

4. Acromioclavicular ligament

17. coracohumeral ligament

18. Glenohumeral ligaments

Purpose of the bursae in the shoulder?

They contain synovial fluid to help decrease friction on the shoulder

Label all the points

Why is the knee joint called a modified hinge?

Movements are limited to flexion, extension and some rotation

Label all the points

What is a motor unit?

all the muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron

What are synergists?

Muscles that contract at the same time the primary muscle does

What are fixators?

muscles that stabilize the origin so the prime mover can move ore efficiently

Masseter

Zygomatic arch

Side of the mandible

Elevates the mandible

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Sternocleidomastoid

Manubrium of sternum and middle of the clavicle

Mastoid process of temporal bone

It says no

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Pectoralis major

Clavicle, sternum and costal cartilages of upper ribs

Humerus

Flex, adduct and rotate the arm medially

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Deltoid

Spine and acromion of scapula and lateral third of clavicle

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

All fibers contract = abduction

Anterior fibers flex = medially rotate

Posterior fibers extend = laterally rotate

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Latissimus dorsi

Lumbar, sacral and spinous processes of T7-12, lower ribs and iliac crest

Humerus

Extend, Adduct and rotate the arm medially

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Triceps brachii

Scapula and humerus

Olecranon process of ulna

Extends forearm

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Biceps brachii

Scapula

Radial tuberosity

Flexes and supinates forearm

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

brachioradialis

lateral side of distal humerus

Styloid process of radius

Flexes forearm

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Flexor carpi ulnaris

medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process

Carpals and base of metacarpal 5

Flex hand, adducts hand at wrist

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Lateral epicondyle

Base of metacarpal 5

Extend hand, adducts hand at wrist

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Rectus abdominus

Pubic crest and symphyses

Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process of sternum

Compress abs, flexes and rotates lumbar region

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Gluteus maximus

Posterior illium, coccyx and sacrum

Posterior femur

Extends and laterally rotates thigh

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Adductor longus

Pubis

posterior femur

Adducts, flex and medially rotates thigh

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Rectus femoris

Spine of ilium and acetabulum

Patella and tibial tuberosity

Extends lower leg and flexes thigh

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Vastus lateralis

Greater trochanter

Patella and tibial tuberosity

Extends lower leg and stabilizes knee

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Vastus medialis

Middle femur

Patella and tibial tuberosity

Extends lower leg

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Vastus intermedius

Front and lateral of femur

patella and tibial tuberosity

Extends the lower leg

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Biceps femoris

Ischial tuberosity

Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

Flexes lower leg and extend and laterally rotates thigh

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Semitendonosus

Ischial tuberosity

Middle tibia

Flexes lower leg and extends and medially rotates thigh

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Semimembranosus

Ischial tuberosity

medial condyle of tibia

Flexes lower leg and extends and medially rotates thigh

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Tibialis anterior

Lateral condyle and surface of tibia

Tarsal

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Gastrocnemius

Lateral and medial condyles of femur

Back of the calcaneus

Plantar flexes foot and flexes lower leg

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action

Extensor digitorum longus

Front surface of fibia and lateral condyle of tibia

Middle and distal phalanges of 2-5

Dorsiflexes and eversion of foot. Extends toes

Name of muscle?

Origin

Insertion

Action