Chemistry Lecture Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental chemistry concepts, states of matter, units of measurement, and types of ions based on the provided lecture notes.

Chemistry

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Substance

A form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture where the composition is the same throughout.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture where the composition is not uniform throughout.

Element

A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.

Compound

A substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions.

Physical Change

A change that does not alter the composition or identity of a substance.

Chemical Change

A change that alters the composition or identity of the substance involved.

Mass

A measure of the quantity of matter, with the SI unit being the kilogram (kg).

Weight

The force that gravity exerts on an object.

SI Base Unit: Length

Meter (m).

SI Base Unit: Mass

Kilogram (kg).

SI Base Unit: Time

Second (s).

SI Base Unit: Electrical current

Ampere (A).

SI Base Unit: Temperature

Kelvin (K).

SI Base Unit: Amount of substance

Mole (mol).

SI Base Unit: Luminous intensity

Candela (cd).

Volume

A derived SI unit, with the cubic meter (m³) as its unit; 1 mL = 1 cm³.

Density

A derived SI unit, with kg/m³ as its unit; 1 g/cm³ = 1000 kg/m³.

Ion

An atom, or group of atoms, that has a net positive or negative charge.

Cation

An ion with a positive charge, formed when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons.

Anion

An ion with a negative charge, formed when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons.

Monatomic Ion

An ion that contains only one atom.

Polyatomic Ion

An ion that contains more than one atom.

Prefix: mono-

Represents 1.

Prefix: di-

Represents 2.

Prefix: tri-

Represents 3.

Prefix: tetra-

Represents 4.

Prefix: penta-

Represents 5.

Prefix: hexa-

Represents 6.

Prefix: hepta-

Represents 7.

Prefix: octa-

Represents 8.

Prefix: nona-

Represents 9.

Prefix: deca-

Represents 10.