Lecture on Amyloid and Amyloidosis

These flashcards cover the key concepts discussed in the lecture on amyloid and amyloidosis, focusing on definitions, characteristics, and clinical implications.

What is amyloid?

Amyloid is a misfolded protein that deposits in the extracellular space.

What configuration do misfolded proteins that deposit as amyloid typically have?

They usually have a beta pleated sheet configuration.

What staining method turns amyloid red?

Congo red stain.

What does amyloid deposition around blood vessels indicate?

It often indicates a pathological process, as seen in Alzheimer's disease.

What unique property does amyloid exhibit when viewed under polarized light?

It shows apple green birefringence.

What is systemic amyloid?

Systemic amyloid is the deposition of amyloid in multiple organ systems.

What characterizes primary amyloidosis?

It is systemic deposition of AL amyloid derived from immunoglobulin light chains.

What happens during familial Mediterranean fever?

Neutrophils become dysfunctional and cause acute inflammation, presenting with fever.

What organ is most commonly affected by amyloidosis?

The kidney, often leading to nephrotic syndrome.

What is the main consequence of amyloid deposition in the heart?

It leads to restricted cardiomyopathy.

What type of amyloidosis is associated with type II diabetes?

Amylin deposits in the islets of the pancreas.

Where is the beta amyloid precursor protein gene located?

It is located on chromosome 21.

What is the clinical significance of finding tumor cells in an amyloid background in thyroid biopsies?

It is indicative of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.