Unit 1 Diagram of long bones/ compact vs spongy bone/ Type of bone fractures/ fracture repair

spongy (calcaneous) bone

cancelli=

light weight stores red bone marrow and test blood vessels reach bone

cross bars

Compact/cortical bone

cort=

gives bone strength and releases CA to blood when needed

cover

Periosteum

“around the bone” lets muscle attach to bone and gives blood a path to nourish bone

(located: wraps around the diaphysis)

Diaphysis

dia=

physis=

the bones shaft, gibes strength and strength

through, grow

Epiphysis

epi=

physis=

“end of long bone” filled with red marrow, spongy bone where blood made

upon, grow

Epiphyseal plate

grow plate, allow bone to lengthen as we age

Medullary cavity

medul=

“hollow part of the bone shaft contains yellow

middle

(located: inside the diaphysis)

Yellow Bone Marrow

make cartilage, fat and bone, stores fat for energy

(located: inside medullary cavity)

Red Bone Marrow

“in spongy bone” makes blood RBCs, platelets, WBCs

Articular/hyaline cartilage

articul=

hyalin=

“on the ends of the bones” super smooth, reduces friction

connecting, glassy

What is another name for compact bone?

cortical bone

What is another name for spongy bone?

cancellous bone

Where is compact bone/ cortical bone found?

in the diaphysis

Where is cancellous/spongy bone found?

in the epiphysis

What is compact bone/ cortical bone do

provides strength

What is spongy/cancellous bone do

• gives bone lightweight quality

• gives bone flexibility

• red marrow is found

Osteocyte

mature bone cell (send signals)

osteon

also called Haversion System, looks like a ring and contains the other structures (gives bone strength)

Harversian Canal

inside each osteon, a hollow opening for nerves and blood vessels

Lacunae

a dent that each osteocyte lays in (spot for bone to sit in)

Canaliculi

tiny channels that link lacunae and let nutrients flow in and waste flow out

Trabeculae

tough connective tissue that forms beams/ timbers that are like crossbars and filled with red bone marrow

Red Bone Marrow

produces blood cells (all kinds) and fills in gaps in the trabeculae

comminuted fracture
(impact)

a bone that is broken in at least 2 places, caused by severe trauma
-will need surgery to repair bone and recovery can be a year+

transverse fracture
(bending)

occur when your bone broken perpendicular to its length
-usually affect longer bones from trauma accidents

spiral (complete) fracture
(twisting)

happen when one of your bones is broken w/ a twisting motion
-create a fracture that wraps around your bone like a corkscrew

Greenstick fracture

a partial break in a bone that occurs when it bends and cracks on one side

Oblique fracture

a bone break that occurs at an angle, often in long bones like the femur, tibia, or fibula.

Compression fracture

a type of broken bone that can cause your vertebrae to collapse, making them shorter.

Simple (closed fracture)

a broken bone where the skin is not pierced.

Compound (open) fracture

a fracture in which there is an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone.

Osteoblast

immature bone cell that lays down new bone during skeletal development and remodeling

“new born baby) blast: sprouts or immature cell

Osteoclasts

makes and secretes digestive enzymes that break up and dissolve bone tissue

Clast: breaker

Osteocytes

mature bone cell that is part of fully formed bone that is embedded within to give back strength

bone remodeling

breaking down old bone to replace it with new bone

Process of bone modeling

Hematoma formation - fibrocartilage callus formation - bony callus formation- bone remodeling

#1 hematoma formation

a collection of blood that pools outside of a blood vessel, usually caused by an injury or surgery that damages a blood vessel.

#2 fibrocartilage callus formation

new capillaries begin to form into the clotted blood in the damaged area.. It closes the gap between the broken bones

#3 Bony Callus Formation

The fibrocartilage cellus is gradually replaced by one made of spongy bone. This new mass is referred to as the bony callus. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts move to the area and multiply

#4 Bone Remodeling

over the weeks to come, the callus is remodeled w/ the help of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. The shape of the bones will gradually return to normal and there will eventually be little evidence of the fracture

Plating

can be used temporarily in emergencies and on all fracture geometries. Can be used on both proximal and distal ends but require a large incision and has to be temporary because it can cause infection

Nailing

small incision and a lower rate of infection, but can only be used in the shaft or midline of the bone and only or certain fracture shapes