Comm: Health Promotion through education

What are some Key concepts related to health promotion according to Healthy people 2030?

• SDOH​

• Socioeconomic gradient in health​

  • (What is the social status of people based on how they are doing economically. Are they in poverty? Are they thriving?​)

• Health disparities​

• Access to care​

• Quality of care

What are Social Determinants of Health?

“The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life.” World Health Organization

What are some impacts on Social Determinants of Health, according to the CDC?

• Economic policy and systems​

• Societal norms and social policy​

• Developmental agenda​

• Politic​

• Racism​

• Climate control

What are five domains associated w/ SDOH according to the US Department of Health and human services?

• Economic stability​

• Access to quality education​

• Access to quality health care​

• Neighborhood and built environments​

• Social and community context

What are health disparities and when do they happen?

• Preventable differences among population in the quantity and burden of disease, age and rate of morbidity.​

• **occur when a population does not receive education or counseling

What are systematic obstacles experienced by populations of people related to?

• Race​

• Religion​

• Socioeconomic status​

• Gender​

• Age​

• Mental​

• Cognitive, sensory, physical disabilities​

• Sexual orientation​

• Geographic location

What are some of the health disparities when it comes to access to healthcare?

• Inadequate or no health insurance​

• Problems getting healthcare​

• Quality of care​

• Fewer choices on where to go for care​

• Lack of regular providers​

• Fewer substance use disorder, treatment centers

What must quality healthcare consist of or be?

• Safe​

• Timely​

• Effective​

• Equatable​

• People centered​

• Integrated throughout a lifespan​

• Accessible

What is Health Literacy and what does it include?

pertains to the information and services that people need to make informed decisions.​

This includes:​

• The ability to read​

• The ability to calculate correct dosages and times to take prescribed medications​

• The ability to understand medical jargon​

• Personal health literacy ​

• Organization health literacy ​

• Digital health literacy

What is Personal Health Literacy?

• the ability to locate, understand and use healthcare information to make informed decisions.

• Examples include healthcare forms, health promotion instructions, and the complex healthcare system overall.​

What is Organizational Health Literacy?

• providing people with equitable health information and services that are easy to find, understand, and use for making healthcare decisions for themselves or others.

• Examples include easy to use appointment systems, ensuring patient health, education comprehension through the use of teach back method and providing communication using appropriate format, language, and reading level.​

What is Digital Health Literacy?

patient access to their EHR, apps for wellness, communication for scheduling and Bill Pay.​

What is Health Promotion Through Change?

health behaviors that improve well-being and lead to a desire to meet one human potential.​

What is Disease Prevention?

Focused on specific efforts aimed at reducing the development and severity of chronic diseases and other morbidities.​

What is Evolutionary Change?

is gradual, overtime, incremental, modifies and does not replace

What is Revolutionary Change?

is rapid, drastic, threatening, produces radical new behavior​

What are the three steps leading to change?

• Unfreezing

• Changing

• Refreezing

What does it mean by “Unfreezing” when it comes to steps leading to change?

• desire for change develops, either intrinsically or extrinsically​

• a developing need for change causes disequilibrium in the system. The system is now more vulnerable. People are now motivated to change. Involves initiating the change.​

What does it mean by “Changing” as a step leading to change?

• new ideas are accepted and tried out

• occurs when people examine except and try the innovation

What does it mean by “Refreezing” as a step leading to change?

• change is integrated and stabilized in practice​

• occurs when changes established as an accepted and permanent part of the system. The rest of the system has adapted to it. People no longer feel resistant to it because it is no longer viewed as disruptive, threatening or new

What is Planned change?

the purposeful, designed effort to affect improvement and involves a change agent

What are some characteristics of Planned change that are key to its success?

• The change is purposeful and intentional​

• The change is by design, not by default​

• Planned change in community health aims at improve​

• Planned change is accomplished through an influencing agent​

What is the Planned Change Process?

Involves a systemic sequence of activities that follows the nursing process and leads to successful management of change

• Recognize symptoms

• Diagnose need

• Analyze alternative solutions

• Select change

• Plan change

• Implement change

• Evaluate change

• Stabilize change

What is Educator Evaluation?

Can modify the process to better meet learner’s outcome/objective?

Feedback to the educator provides an opportunity for the educator to modify the teaching process and enables the educator to better meet the learner’s needs.

What is Process Evaluation?

examines the dynamic components of the educational program. It follows and assesses the movements and management of information transfer, and attempts to make sure that the objectives are being met

• Are goals and objectives being met? ​

• How much time required for each achievement?​

• Is the desired health behavior change really necessary? (Enables rethinking the practicality and merit of each objective)​

What are the three domains of learning?

• Cognitive (thinking)​

• Affective (feeling)​

• Psychomotor (acting)

• Each domain has behavioral components that form a hierarchy of steps, or levels. ​

  • Each level builds on the previous one.​

• Motivating adult learners

When are adults motivated to learn?

• They think they need to know something.​

• The new information is compatible with their prior life experiences.​

• They value the person(s) providing the information.​

• They believe they can make any necessary changes that are implied by the new information.

What does the cognitive domain include?

• memory, recognition, reasoning, understanding, application, and problem solving ​

• Hierarchical classification of behaviors​

What is the first step of Cognitive Domain?

• assess cognitive abilities ​

• Literacy and health literacy

What 6 components does Cognitive Domain consist of?

1. Knowledge: this requires recall of information​

2. Comprehension: which combines recall with understanding​

3. Application: new information is taken in and used in a different way​

4. Analysis: breaks down communication into parts to understand both the parts and their relationships to one another​

5. Synthesis: builds on the first four levels by assembling them into a new whole​

6. Evaluation: learners judge the value of what has been learned

What is Affective Domain?

• Attitude changes and development of values​

• Nurse’s attitudes and values may differ. ​

  • Listen carefully.​

• Difficult to change deeply rooted attitudes, beliefs, interests, and values

What are the steps a learner takes in Affective Learning?

1. Knowledge: receives the information​

2. Comprehension: responds to the information received​

3. Application: values the information​

4. Analysis: makes sense of the information​

5. Synthesis: organizes the information​

6. Evaluation: adopts behaviors consistent with new values​

​

What are the 4 levels of Affective Learning?

1. Learners are receptive and willing to listen ​

2. Learners become active participants​

3. Learners attach value to the information ​

4. Learners internalize or value an idea

What is the Psychomotor Domain?

• Neuromuscular coordination and motor skills ​

• First, demonstrate; then, practice​

  • In a classroom environment, learners may benefit from observing one another​

What are three conditions for Psychomotor Domain?

• Necessary ability​

  • include both cognitive and psychomotor ability

• Sensory image​

  • how to carry out the skill

• Opportunities to practice

  • Provide practice sessions during the program to help the patient adapt the skill to his or her home or work environment where the skill will be performed

What is a Behavioral Learning Theory?

• focuses on behaviors that can be observed, measured and changed (Pavlov, Skinner)

• Health Belief Model/ Pender’s Health Promotion Model

What are Cognitive Learning Theories?

development that is orderly, sequential, and interactive (Piaget)

What are Social Learning Theories?

used to explain behaviors and facilitate learning (Bandura)

What are Humanistic Behavioral Theory?

a natural tendency to learn and the learning is flourished in an encouraging environment (Maslow)​

What are Adult Learning Theories?

is self-directed and includes a lifetime of experiences. It is a readiness to learn and the need to be able to apply knowledge​

What is part of Health Promotion and Education when it comes to Tertiary Prevention?

Health teaching; a nurse teaches the stroke survivor about the importance of medication, diet, rest, exercise

What is part of Health Protection when it comes to Tertiary Prevention?

Maintenance

a nurse observes the stroke survivor’s medication regime to ensure the client is taking medications properly.

What is part of the Rehabitation part of Tertiary Prevention?

Restore Function; a nurse teaches a stroke survivor about home safety.​

What is part of Early Diagnosis when it comes to Secondary Prevention?

Screening and case finding; a nurse takes blood pressure measurements from all family members at each home visit and teaches them the importance of maintaining a health BP reading

What is part of Prompt Treatment when it comes to Secondary Prevention?

a nurse teaches clients how to navigate through the complexities of the healthcare delivery system to receive prompt treatment​

What is part of Health Promotion and Education when it comes to Primary Prevention?

Health Promotion and Education: Health education; a nurse teaches a class on sensible eight control for teenagers

What is part of Health Protection when it comes to Primary Prevention?

• Health Protection: Immunizations; a nurse teaches about the importance of pneumonia and flu vaccines for older adults, followed by an immunization clinic.​

When it comes to Education, Learning, and Change, What are three key things to remember?

• Easiest thing to change is knowledge​

• Changing attitudes is the next step.​

• Most difficult thing to change is behavior

What is the difference b/w Education and Learning?

• Education emphasizes the provider of knowledge and skills. ​

• Learning emphasizes the recipient of knowledge and skills and the person(s) in whom a change is expected to occur. Learning involves change.

What is the teaching process when it comes to community health nursing?

• interaction, assessment and diagnosis, setting goals, and objectives, planning, teaching, evaluation,​

What are the short-term goal and objectives for the Teaching Process in Community Health Nursing?

• Goal: Manage patient's acute pain effectively within 48 hours.​

• Objectives:​

  • Assess patient's pain level using a standardized pain scale every 4 hours.

  • Administer prescribed pain medication as needed, monitoring for effectiveness and side effects.​

  • Implement non-pharmacological pain relief methods such as relaxation techniques and positioning.​

  • Educate the patient on pain management strategies and encourage reporting of pain promptly.​

  • Reassess pain levels after interventions to ensure target pain level is maintained at 3/10 or lower.​

What are the Nursing Long-Term Goals and their objectives when it comes to Community Health Nursing?

• Goal: Improve patient's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) independently within 6 months.​

• Objectives:​

  • Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the patient's current functional status.​

  • Develop a personalized rehabilitation plan in collaboration with physical and occupational therapists.​

  • Encourage participation in daily physical therapy sessions to enhance strength and mobility.​

  • Educate the patient and family on adaptive equipment and techniques to support independence.​

  • Evaluate progress monthly, adjusting the care plan as needed to achieve improved ADL performance.​

  • These goals and objectives provide a clear roadmap for patient care, supporting measurable outcomes and continuous improvement.​

What are some Teaching-Learning Principles?

• Client readiness​

• Client perceptions​

• Educational environment​

• Client participation ​

• Subject relevance​

• Client satisfaction​

• Client application ​