HUMANITIES August 26 quiz (Brief Chronology of WEST WORLD and Cultural Trait w/ each periods.)

EXAM 1

What type of thinking did Western people think?

What type of thinking did Western people think?

Linear (straight thinking) (reactive to get to the end result)

Nihilism?

“the end is near” WESTERN THOUGHTS

Example of Western Thoughts?

watching a children's movie as a kid but then comparing that same children's movie when we watch it as an adult CHANGES the way we perceive the movie

What type of thinking do Eastern people think?

Circular, *At the end of the cycle, it starts over… and over… and over again

Religions that associates with Eastern thoughts?

Hinduism, Buddhism, reincarnation (LESSONS DON’T CHANGE)

Example of Eastern thoughts?

Watching a children’s movie as a kid but then watch that same movie as an adult, the movie itself does NOT CHANGE

WESTERN WORLD, Pre historic?

Anytime BEFORE writing (I think It’s not always old)

WESTERN WORLD, culture?

similar traits (understandings) with humans (way of life or how they live throughout the years)

EX: simple life, Devici

NEXT PERIOD (phase), rise of civilization?

larger scale and more rules, laws, gov, writing (buying and selling things)

EX: SPC cultural is a civilization

rise of civilization, The 2 main civilization?

1. Mesopotamian (6000 BCE- 323 BCE)

2. Egypt (5000 BCE- 31 BCE)

rise of civilization, which 2 main civilizations both existed at the same time?

Both Meso. and Egypt!

MESO (6000 BCE- 323 BCE)- 4 main cultures?

1. Sumerians

2. Akkadians

3. Babylonians

4. Assyrians (similar gods)

   SABA

rise of civilizations, which main cultures had kings that were considered humans- HIGH PREIST?

1.Sumerians

2.Akkadians

3.Babylonians

rise of civilizations, which main cultures had kings becoming GODS

Assyrians

rise of civilization, Egyptians, Every cultural art is all about?

PHARAOH!

rise of civilization, Pharaoh?

Ruler and a GOD on earth- always HORUS!

Power to raise the flood water to fertile the plants to keep the people alive with food provided!

NEXT PERIOD (phase) Greece (3200 BCE- 31 BCE) 4 sub Phases?

1. Pre- hellenic (3200- 1100 BCE)

2. Archaic (800- 429 BCE)

3. Hellenic or Classical (479-323 BCE) GREEK

4. Hellenistic= spread of Hellenism after Alexander the Great (323- 31 BCE)

They invented philosophy

GREECE, Pre- Hellenic?

1. PERIOD OF “MYTHS”, (EX- Hercules, Zeus, Olympus, City of Troy) *stores can (or) be exaggerated

GREECE, Archaic?

2. FIRST TRUE Greek phase

   Theme= Humanism means celebrating the qualities of being human (EX- The marble statue of a Kouros= looks human enough not perfect)

GREECE, Hellenic or classical?

GOLDEN AGE (this age or after)

Theme= IDEALISM means PERFECTIONISM (the way should be things) of form

EX- Artemission bronze photo, zeus

When people lived in a state of happiness and peace before organized societies.

GREECE, Hellenistic?

Theme= Realism (the way things are) (acceptance)

*The time when the greek came over to Egypt is when they got all the cool ancient robots (the water statue) in this period.

*Was a time of cultural and creative fertility, with advancements in science, math and the arts

NEXT PERIOD (Phase) Romans (750 BCE- 476 CE)

One main Theme?

Roman UTILITARIANISM

(created enginering purpose to utilitarianism)

ROMANS, Everything in civilization has a function to it first, practical EXAMPLE?

The Greek stories/ forms, etc adopted by the Romans but the Romans stole GREEK IDEAS, Romans used their resources and Re-invented into their own!

ROMANS, What did the Romans also invent?

Engineering (Western world)

EX= The water story about thinking in a creative way to bring the water back.

(building the roads underlies with utilitarianism= a normative ethical theory that suggests that the rightness of an action is determined by its CONSEQUENCES)

Utilitarianism?

a normative ethical theory that suggests that the rightness of an action is determined by its CONSEQUENCES

EX= choosing ice cream, you should choose the ice cream flavor that will give you the most pleasure

What would the romans tell children?

Events in the fights to explain not what to do

(While they embraced Greek culture, they also side-eyed it. Some roman aristocrats warned that too much Greek influence would corrupt their morals and piety. Yet, they could'n’t resist- Greek schools, Greek rhetoric, and even speaking greek became all the rage)

what would Greek people tell the children?

Praise about the events in the fights

NEXT PERIOD (phase) Medieval period

“Middle ages” (476- 1400)

EX= If a guy would go to a family house/ barn and kill all of them eat their food and burn their place and repeat the cycle to another house continuously.

MEDIEVAL PERIOD

+Start (barbarism= extreme cruelty and brutality) & violence

+Regression of culture and civilization

+Back to dangerous times (very little cultural arts) only had Christian focus from monasteries= involving a return to god through attention to the classic spiritual disciplines of silence, charity, prayer, fasting, confession, and good works.

Monasteries

Involving a return to god through attention to the classic spiritual disciplines of silence, charity, prayer, fasting, confession, and good works.

Barbarism=

extreme cruelty and brutality) & violence

MEDIEVAL PERIOD had a what?

Regression of culture/ civilization

Back to dangerous times (very little cultural arts) aka only focus on monasteries

It started to advance over time slowly as cultural arts came back later

MEDIEVAL PERIOD, Arts?

Start again and match society culture and largely be CHRISTIAN based

MEDIEVAL PERIOD, by the end of Medieval culture society gets?

ADVANCE again

NEXT PERIOD, (phase) Renaissance (1400- 1520) means?

REBIRTH began in ITALY (died and rebirth later on)

(Believed reincarnation)

RENAISSANCE Rebirth of

classical Greek/ Hellenistic Greek/ Roman Culture/ Arts/ Ideas

RENAISSANCE Theme

Renaissance NEOPLATONISM

Effect in ARTS, mix of Greek & Romans ideas, forms with Christians stories, subjects and figures

NEOPLATONISM

A movement in 15th century Florence that was influenced by the rediscovery of Plato and other Neoplatonist and Middle Platonist works in the original Greek

Neoplatonists believed that human perfection and happiness were possible in this world, and could be achieved through philosophical contemplation. They also believed that all people return to the One, from which they originated. (Humans should be happy)

RENAISSANCE Why is the Michael Angelo everywhere in greek culture?

Because the artist David was paid by the people to make it even though the statue was king of Israel made by Italians.

RENAISSANCE After the Romans in ITALY another art phase (1500-1600)

MANNERISM = Anti-Classical theme period focus on unbalanced, chaos, pain and unorthodox

MANNERISM =

The anti-classical theme period focuses on unbalanced, chaos, pain, and unorthodox

EX= someone making a reference to dead baby Jesus

Northern RENAISSANCE aka (Northern EUROPE)

A small change in 1509, (1420-1600) GERMANYYY- similar ideas/ concepts as Southern Italian Ren. but set in Northern Europe and people

Northern RENAISSANCE

In the early 1500s in Germany, religious changes- Protestant Reformation meaning protesting and reforming of the catholic church

Had some corruption at the time ( Protestant and Reforming focused on the holy bible and good work

God will VS Catholic traditions= based on religion/ faith

Protestant Reformation?

a religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s resulting the creation of Christianity called Protestantism going against catholics

MEDIEVAL period Catholic traditions

Regressed back then and stopped reading the Bible which caused some new sayings. For example, priests would talk about =, the “7 deadly sins” to people who started to worship god again. It was not in the Bible (7 deadly sins)

NEXT PERIOD (phase) Baroque (1600-1720)

Major focus on REALISM (Bold realism aka realistic art) in art & all the cultural arts reflected in either CATHOLIC or PROTESTANT. focus

Landscape arts came from Protestants with the Bible which caused no arguments with god!

NEXT PERIOD (phase) Rococo (1700-1789)

Movement in arts/ culture which focused on aristocrats= (Rich people), about their lives called ELITISTS (the more you make art look rich, the rich would love it more)

NEXT PERIOD Reaction to Rococo (phase) (1740-1789) ENLIGHTENMENT

Movement of thought focus on UNIVERSALITY & HUMAN NATURE

Universality?

The quality or state of being universal (existing everywhere, or involving everyone.)

Reaction to ROCOCO In arts

Expressions of the enlightenment start with the NEOCLASSICAL, As it focuses on classical Greek/ Roman as a universal idea for STABILITY

criticism from Enlightenment thinkers, and the emergence of the Neoclassical style as a reaction to its themes

NEOCLASSICAL will extend into the next period

Neoclassical?

This style was associated with the aristocracy's extravagance and excesses and was characterized by soft paint application, lighthearted subject matter, and curvilinear motifs. Rococo furniture was upholstered, free-standing, and moved away from walls to create a lighthearted atmosphere

NEXT PERIOD (phase) Romantic period (1760-1815)

Extension to the Neo classical but starts to change a bit, in France & in the new United States

Full of Revolutions

ROMANTIC PERIOD Major theme in revolutions?

SUBLIME, Ex: the moment for a small country to win their first ever gold medal

The moment when that Country won their war, the feeling of relief and being able to live longer (sublime)

SUBLIME?

A overwhelming rush of emotion that is a combination of inspiration, awe and satisfaction.

NEXT PERIOD (phase) Naturalism (1800-1867)

Focus on the natural world, realism/science, and WORKING CLASS and helping the working class

INVENTION: Photography

NATURALISM, how does photography captures?

Realism, one MAJOR reasons for change art (capture in real time)

NEXT PERIOD (phrase) Impressionism (1876-1890)

New STYLE in art

Impressionism techniques

Impressionism techniques?

1) Hazy look

2) Bright colors

3) Thick brush strokes

4) Impasto= THICK PAINT

5) Some natural scenes of naturalism

6) smaller works

As a style, Impressionism is HIGHLY CRITICIZED by people & all of the Impressionism artists change styles EXCEPT one art, Claude Monet

NEXT PERIOD (phase) Modernism (1880s-1940s) Theme? (Philipe Halsmlow dhali)

AVANTGARDE= means push of EDGE of originality

Ex= Blank canvas guy started a trend

MODERNISM sub phase?

Post-Impressionism period of “-isms” (at first kind of look like Impressionism w/ new technique)

*Each “-ism”= new ARTISTS

NEXT PERIOD (phase) Post Modernism (1940’s- 1980’s/ 90s) What did they focus on?

Still focused on Avantgarde but more abstract look VS representational

POST MONDERNISM, Abstract

Unrealistic, doesn’t represent actual form

POST MONDERNISM, Representational

Real items and things going on

Ex= Philip Haslmon dali art

LAST PERIOD (phase) Contemporary (1980’s-Present) It is still avantgarde but more?

CONCEPTUAL than artistic ability

(talented artist create easy base work of art)

CONTEMPORARY, Conceptual?

NO LIMITS= things can get werid