Kidney path from in class

Congenital Anomalies

• Agenesis

• Cake kidney

• Cross-fused ectopic kidney

• Horseshoe kidney

• Ectopic kidney

Anatomic variant

• Dromedary hump

• Hypertrophied column of Bertin

• Junctional parenchymal defect

Cystic

• Cortical cysts

• Parapelvic cyst

• APCKD

• IPCKD

• Medullary cystic disease

• Multicystic dysplastic kidney

Non-Neoplastic

• Renal abscess/Carbuncle

• Acute tubular necrosis

• Pyelonephritis

• Glomerulonephritis

• Hydronephrosis

• Nephrolithiasis

Benign tumors

• Angiomyolipoma

• Medullary sponge kidney

• Oncocytoma

• Mesoblastic nephroma

• Nephrocalcinosis

Malignant tumors

• RCC

• Wilm’s Tumor

• TCC

• Mets

Cake kidney

Complete fusion of both kidneys in the pelvic cavity

Cross fused ectopic kidney

One kidney is located on the opposite side, fused together and the drainage has normal collecting and draining

Horseshoe kidney

Fusion across the midline of two distinct functioning kidneys

Hypertrophied column of Bertin

Bands of cortical tissue that separate the renal pyramids; may mimic a renal mass on US

Dromedary hump

Normal variant that occurs on the lt kidney as a bulge on the lateral border

Junctional Parenchymal Defect

Fusion defect in the upper pole resulting from incomplete embryonic of the renal parenchyma

Renal agenesis

Complete absence of one or both renal tissue

Ectopic kidney

Located outside of the normal position, most often in the pelvic cavity

Cortical cyst

Fluid-filled sacs that develop in the outer region of the renal tissue

Parapelvic cyst

Fluid-filled sacs that develop in the renal sinus

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Common, inherited kidney disorder, characterized by fluid-filled cysts in both kidneys, leading to kidney failure

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease

Rare genetic disorder characterized by fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys and liver, often diagnosed in infancy or even before birth

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

Condition where one or both kidneys fila to develop in the womb resulting in cysts instead of functional kidney tissue, often detected prenatally

Renal Carbuncle

Localized, pus-filled infection in the kidney

Acute tubular necrosis

A type of acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by damage to the kidney tubule cells, often due to ischemia or exposure to nephrotoxins

Glomerulonephritis

Condition in which the kidney filters become inflamed leading to inability to rid waste and eventual failure

Pyelonephritis

Bacterial infection of the kidney leading to inflammation

Hydronephrosis

Condition of urine back up into the kidney due to obstruction

Nephrolithiasis

Condition caused by mineral deposits in the kidney

Staghorn Calculi

Large, branched kidney stones that fill a single portion of the renal pelvis and calyces

Oncocytoma

Benign, solid epithelial tumor w/spoke wheel appearance

Angiomyolipoma

Benign tumors made up of blood vessels, muscle cells and fat cells

Medullary sponge kidney

Congenital condition characterized by malformations in the collecting ducts within the kidney’s inner layer

Mesoblastic nephroma

Rare benign renal tumor that typically occurs in infants, often before or shortly after birth

Nephrocalcinosis

Abnormal deposition of calcium salts within the kidney parenchyma

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Most common type of renal malignancy in adults, develops when renal tubules grow abnormally and form tumors

Nephroblastoma

Wilm’s tumor, rare renal malignancy that primarily affects children

Transitional cell carcinoma

Malignancy that develops in the cells that line the urinary tract, including the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis