Ch 10

In a population of fruit flies, genetic changes from one generation to the next, leading to an increase in time until death from starvation, is evidence of ___.

In a population of fruit flies, genetic changes from one generation to the next, leading to an increase in time until death from starvation, is evidence of ___.

Evolution

Using the results shown in this figure, has evolution occurred in this tiger population?

Yes

Is the evolution in this population a consequence of natural selection?

Maybe

The scientist who established that physical features of the earth were constantly changing over time was ___.

Charles Lyell

The discovery of fossilized remains of large animals no longer found on earth indicated that ___ was a fact.

Extinction

On the Galápagos Islands, Darwin noticed that finches were variable in their traits yet still closely resembled the single finch species living on mainland Ecuador. What could explain this pattern?

The mainland and island birds share a common ancestor

Darwin’s ideas were confirmed independently by ___, another biologist working in Malaysia

Alfred Russel Wallace

___ are the physical remains and traces of past life and provide direct evidence of evolution.

Fossils

Evolution is ___ level process and happens when an allele’s market share changes from one generation to the next.

A population

Which mechanism of evolution is illustrated here?

Mutation

Of the following, which is not a mechanism of evolution?

A. Mutation

B. Genetic drift

C. Migration

D. Natural selection

E. None of the above

E. None of the above

The ultimate source of genetic variation in any population is ___.

Mutation

Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that results from ___.

Random changes in allele frequencies

A natural disaster cause deaths of a large proportion of individuals in a population so that allele frequencies change in the population. This is an example of evolution caused by ___.

A bottleneck effect

Which is the best explanation for the increased frequency of polydactyly in the new population?

The new, isolated population had a higher frequency of the polydactyly allele

Which answer choice correctly identifies each requirement for natural selection?

A. 1-differential reproductive success, 2-heritability, 3-variation

B. 1-heritability, 2-variation, 3-differential reproductive success

C. 1-variation, 2-heritability, 3-differential reproductive success

C. 1-variation, 2-heritability, 3-differential reproductive success

Describe what will happen in this figure.

The turquoise rabbits will survive, and the fast running trait will increase in frequency

Of the following, which is not a condition for natural selection to occur?

A. Variation in a trait within a population

B. Sexual reproduction

C. Heritability

D. Differential reproductive success

E. All of the above are necessary

B. Sexual reproduction

In a population, more organisms struggle to survive, and some organisms are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to ___ in the population.

Differential reproductive success

Fur color in kangaroo rats is controlled by a single gene with just two alleles. One allele occurs in the population at a frequency of 0.20, so you know that the frequency of the other allele is ___.

0.80

An individual in a population who contributes many new individuals to the population has high ___.

Fitness

An inherited trait that enables an organism to survive and reproduce successfully in its environment is called ___.

An adaptation

describe what is shown in the figure

Individuals with fur color similar to their environment will have higher fitness than those with contrasting fur color

Explain the results in the figure

Finches with thinner beaks starve to death during drought years

Artificial selection is a special case of natural selection in which ___ determine(s) differential reproductive success among individuals in a population.

Humans

The elimination of extreme phenotypes in favor of an intermediate phenotype is the outcome of ___.

Stabilizing selection

Species“X”variesinlengthfrom20to80cm.A predator is introduced that prefers individuals between 20 and 40 cm in length. Which of the three figures below reflects how length in “X” will change with this new pressure?

1

This figure illustrates that ___.

Selection originally favored the largest wings because they provided the greatest thermoregulatory benefit

The absolute age of a fossil is determined by ___.

Radiometric dating

The fossil record is incomplete because ___.

A. many fossils have yet to be discovered

B. soft-bodied organisms don’t preserve well

C. erosion events destroy fossils

D. decomposition can interfere with fossilization

E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Studying the patterns of distribution of life on earth is the science of ___ and evidence for evolution.

Biogeography

Two structures are defined as ___ if, even though different, they are found to have been inherited from a shared ancestor.

Homologous

___ offer(s) a direct measure of relatedness between organisms by analyzing similarities in ___.

Molecular biology, DNA and the products of DNA

True or False: evolution can be observed.

True

This figure is showing how the Staphylococcus population has ___.

Evolved resistance to the antibiotic secreted by the fungi