AP World Test Units 1&2

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What were the effects of the rise of Islamic states?

the spread of Islamic culture and religion, the establishment of trade networks, and advancements in science and philosophy.

Explain the causes of the expansion of Muslim rule; how and where did it expand before 1450?

military conquests (by turkic peoples), trade, and sufis, spreading from the Arabian Peninsula across North Africa, into Spain, and parts of Asia.

Describe the intellectual innovations and transfers of Muslim States:

trigonometry, advancements in medicine and astronomy, and the preservation and translation of ancient texts (Plato & Aristole).

What effects did these innovations have in Dar al-Islam?

Significant advancements in various fields, fostering a rich intellectual environment that influenced both Islamic and European scholarship

Explain the significance of the House of Wisdom in Abbasid Baghdad:

All of the transfers and innovations that occurred in Dar al-Islam happened in the House of Wisdom. It was an environment for scholars to share their ideas, which benefitted Islamic and European peoples.

Explain how Hinduism impacted societies in South and Southeast Asia:

social structures, culture, and art promoting a caste system and shaping local traditions and practices. Its philosophies and beliefs permeated daily life, impacting governance and community organization.

Bhakti Movement

a religious trend in Hinduism that focuses on personal devotion to deities. It encourages inclusivity and rejects the caste system

Dehli Sultanate

A Muslim state established in Northern India by Turkic people.

Explain how Islam impacted societies in South and Southeast Asia:

With the establishment of the delhi sultanate by muslim turkic people in india. Islam became the religion of the elite and soon southeast asia

Explain how Buddhism impacted societies in South and Southeast Asia:

Buddhism was on the decline during this era, with monks as the people practicing it the most. However, monasteries were a place for people to learn Buddha’s teachings and gave women a place.

Sufism

A mystical, spiritual experience-based version of Islam that encourage the spread of the religion.

What role did Sufi missionaries play in spreading Islam?

Sufi missionaries played a crucial role in spreading Islam by emphasizing personal spirituality and forming connections with local populations, which facilitated the conversion of diverse communities in South and Southeast Asia.

How did the Srivijaya Empire develop and maintain power?

Srivijaya Empire was a Buddhist state (with Hindu Influence) that developed/maintained it’s power by taxing ships who passed through the Strait of Malacca.

Describe the Maya city-states

A collection of decentralized city states that had a large number of tributary states in neighboring regions. Emphasized human sacrifice to help with sun god’s energy.

Describe the Mexica (Aztecs):

Like the Maya, decentralized power with a tributary system. Human sacrifice for sun god. Maintained power through claiming relation to Maya, built Tenochtitlan, city with 200k that had impressive architecture.

Describe the Inca:

Had a strong military which helped them expand. Had a centralized power system and bureaucracy. Had the Mit’a system, a tax to all people in the former of labor.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Region of Africa below the Sahara desert

Describe Great Zimbabwe

Great Zimbabwe is a historic city in southeast Africa, famous for its large stone buildings. It was a key place for trade, especially in gold and ivory, it later converted to Islam to partake in Indian Ocean Trade and Dar al-Islam.

Describe Ethiopia

A Christian state that grew wealthy through trade in the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean. Traded salt, and was a centralized power under a king.

Describe the political organization of feudal Europe:

No large “centralized” power. Allegiances were formed between lords and lesser lords, land was exchange for loyalty.

Describe the manorial system:

Peasants (serfs) were bound to the land they worked on, worked in exchange for military protection from the lord that owned it.

What eventually happened to serfdom? (How did it change moving into the 1450-1750 time period)?

monarchs in various states began to gain power and centralize their states by introducing large militaries and bureaucracies