Elements, Equations, and Other Fundamentals

Amount of protons

The atomic number of an element also provides the…

Atom

Fundamental unit of matter

Element

Made of only 1 type of atom

Compounds

Ionic _____, composed of more than 1 type of atom but they are always in a fixed unit

Molecules

Covalent _____, groups of different atoms that bind tightly together and behave as a single unit

Mixtures

Contains more than 1 substance, NOT bound to a fixed ratio

Homogeneous mixtures

Evenly mixed (Ex: kool-aid)

Heterogeneous mixtures

Compounds do NOT mix easily (Ex: water and oil)

Moved to the left

When going from standard to scientific notation, the decimal in a large number must be…

Moved to the right

When going from standard to scientific notation, the decimal in a small number (less than one) must be…

Positive exponents

Large numbers have…

Negative exponents

Smallest numbers have…

Add the exponents

When multiplying in scientific notation, you must…

Subtract the exponents

When dividing in scientific notation, you must…

Significant figures

Non-zeros, zeros between non-zeros, and zeros after the decimal point describe…

Non-Significant figures

Zeros to the left of all non-zeros describes…

Figures that may be significant

Zeros to the right of non-zeros with no decimal describes…

mass/volume

The equation for density is…

Sink

Higher density objects will..

Float

Lower density objects will…

Length x Width x Height

The equation for volume…

9/5(C)+31

Celsius to Fahrenheit

5/9(F-32)

Fahrenheit to Celsius

C + 273.15

Equation for Kelvins…

Groups

The columns of elements are called…

Periods

The rows of elements are called…

Column

Elements in the same _____ have similar properties

Main-group elements

Element columns 1A through 8A are considered…

1u = 1.66 × 10^-7 kg

Atomic mass unit is…

Electron

A tiny, negatively charged particle that surrounds the nucleus (-1)

Proton

A positively charged particle (+1)

Nucleus

Protons and neutrons make up the…

Neutron

A tiny particle that has a neutral charge

Identity of the atom

The number of protons determines the…

number of protons + number of protons

The mass number is equal to…

Isotopes

Have the same number of protons but they have a different number of neutrons

Superscript

It contains mass number, goes on top of atomic symbol, p+n

Subscript

It contains the atomic number and protons, goes on bottom of atomic symbol, p

(value A x fraction A) + (value B x fraction B)

The equation for average value (aka weighted average) is…

Negative charge

Losing an electron results in the gain of a…

Positive charge

Gaining an electron results in the gain of a…

H

Hydrogen (1, nonmetal)

Li

Lithium (3, metal)

Na

Sodium (11, metal)

K

Potassium (19, metal)

Mg

Magnesium (12, metal)

Ca

Calcium (20, metal)

Sr

Strontium (38, metal)

Ba

Barium (56, metal)

Ra

Radium (88, metal)

Ti

Titanium (22, metal)

Cr

Chromium (24, metal)

Mn

Manganese (25, metal)

Fe

Iron (26, metal)

U

Uranium (92, metal)

Co

Cobalt (27, metal)

Ni

Nickel (28, metal)

Pt

Platinium (78, metal)

Cu

Copper (29, metal)

Ag

Silver (47, metal)

Au

Gold (79, metal)

Zn

Zinc (30, metal)

Cd

Cadmium (48, metal)

Hg

Mercury (80, metal)

B

Boron (5, metalloid)

Al

Aluminum (13, metal)

C

Carbon (6, non-metal)

Si

Silicon (14, metalloid)

Sn

Tin (50, metal)

Pb

Lead (82, metal)

N

Nitrogen (7, non-metal)

P

Phosphorus (15, non-metal)

As

Arsenic (33, metalloids)

O

Oxygen (8, non-metal)

S

Sulfur (16, non-metal)

F

Fluorine (9, non-metal, halogen)

Cl

Chlorine (17, non-metal, halogen)

Br

Bromine (35, non-metal, halogen)

I

Iodine (53, non-metal, halogen)

He

Helium (2, non-metal, noble gas)

Ne

Neon (10, non-metal, noble gas)

Ar

Argon (18, non-metal, noble gas)

Alkali Metals

Groups 1A is made up of…

Alkaline Earth Metals,

Group 2A is made up of…

Wavelength x Frequency

The equation for speed of light (C =…)

Planck’s constant (h) x Frequency (v)

The equation for energy of a photon (E =…)

6.63 × 10^-34 J(s)

Planck’s constant value (h) is…

2

Electron capacity for sublevel s

6

Electron capacity for sublevel p

10

Electron capacity for sublevel d

14

Electron capacity for sublevel f