Thermochemistry and Solutions

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions from thermochemistry and solutions concepts.

Enthalpy (ΔH)

A measure of heat flow into or out of a system at constant pressure.

Aqueous Solution

A homogenous mixture of two or more substances where water is the solvent.

Calorimetry

The measurement of heat changes in chemical reactions.

Electrolyte

A substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water, typically ionic compounds.

Nonelectrolyte

A substance that does not conduct electricity when dissolved, usually covalent compounds.

Oxidation

The loss of electrons from an atom during a chemical reaction.

Reduction

The gain of electrons by an atom during a chemical reaction.

Dilution

The process of preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one.

Saturated Solution

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.

Colligative Properties

Properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles, not their identity.

Boiling Point Elevation

The increase in boiling point of a solvent when a solute is dissolved in it.

Freezing Point Depression

The decrease in freezing point of a solvent when a solute is dissolved in it.

Ideal Gas Equation

PV=nRT, relates pressure, volume, temperature, and moles of a gas.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Theory that explains gas behavior based on particle motion and interactions.

Phase Diagram

A graph showing the preferred states of matter for a substance at various temperatures and pressures.

Hydration Process

The process of surrounding solute ions with solvent molecules, particularly water.

Molarity (M)

The concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution.

Van't Hoff Factor (i)

The number of particles a solute produces in solution, used in calculating colligative properties.