Exam 1 added info pt. 2

Information System

Interrelated components working together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information.

Competitive Advantage

Generates more sales and achieves superior profit margins through cost leadership, differentiation, and focus.

Leavitt’s Diamond Model

A framework used to introduce new systems into the workplace focusing on people, technology, processes, and structure.

Personal Information System

Improves productivity of individual users for stand-alone tasks.

Workgroup Information System

Enables effective collaboration among team members.

Enterprise Information System

Addresses organization-wide business needs.

Interorganizational IS

Enables sharing of information across organizational boundaries.

Strategic Planning

Managerial process to identify initiatives and projects for organizational objectives.

Cost Center/Service Provider

An IS perspective focused on controlling/reducing IS costs.

Business Partner/Business Peer

An IS perspective aimed at improving the IS/business partnership.

Game Changer

Using IS for competitive advantage and driving innovation.

Chief Information Officer (CIO)

Achieves the organization’s goals using IS department resources.

Software Developer

Creates and maintains applications and operating systems.

IS Security Analyst

Plans and implements security measures for systems and data.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Temporary volatile storage used by computers.

Cache Memory

High-speed memory that processors can access more rapidly than main memory.

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Nonvolatile memory that permanently stores data and instructions.

Thin Clients

Low-cost, centrally managed computers with no internal or external attached drives.

Desktop Computers

Single-user computer systems that provide sufficient computing power for most tasks.

Nettop Computer

Very small, inexpensive desktop computer for basic tasks.

Workstations

More powerful than personal computers, supporting engineering and technical users.

Server

Supports multiple users to perform specific tasks.

Mainframes

Large, powerful computers shared by many users.

Supercomputers

Designed for extensive computational capabilities.

Operating System (OS)

Programs that control a computer’s hardware and manage tasks.

Server Virtualization

Logically dividing a single physical server’s resources to create multiple logical servers.

Proprietary Software

Tailored for specific organizations and their needs.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Delivery through third-party hosting accessible via the Internet.

End User License Agreement (EULA)

A legal agreement that stipulates the terms of software usage.

Open-Source Software

Typically free software that supports modifications.

Star Network

Network topology where a central hub connects devices.

Bus Network

Network topology where devices are connected on a shared backbone.

Mesh Network

Network topology with multiple access points connecting devices.

PAN

Personal Area Network.

LAN

Local Area Network.

MAN

Metropolitan Area Network.

WAN

Wide Area Network.

Twisted-pair wire

Widely available cable with limited speed.

Fiber-optic cable

High-speed cable with low distortion.

IP Address

Unique identifier for computers, typically a 32-bit number.

MAC Address

Hardware identification unique to a network interface card.

Router

Routes data packets to external networks until they reach their final destination.

Client/Server Model

Architecture where many clients request services from servers.

Domain Name System (DNS)

Maps website names to IP addresses.

Search Engines

Facilitate web information retrieval.

Cybercriminals

Individuals aiming for financial gain through hacking.

Phishing

Fraudulent use of email to entice recipients to reveal personal information.

Social Engineering

Manipulative use of deception to gain sensitive information.

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

Security measure requiring a user to provide two forms of identification.

Encryption

Converting readable data into encoded data to secure it.

TLS (Transport Layer Security)

Protocol for ensuring privacy and data integrity on the Internet.

Proxy Servers

Intermediaries that make requests to websites on behalf of clients.

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

Secure connection that allows remote users to access a network.