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pyrometallurgy
uses heat to obtain the metal
electrometallurgy
employs an electrochemical step to extract metal
hydrometallurgy
relies on the metals aqueous solution chemistry
mineral
contains element: naturally occurring , homogeneous crystalline inorganic solid
gangue
portion of the ore with no commercial value
electrorefinining
en electrolytic cell is employed in which the anode acts as the anode and the pure metal acts as the cathode
distillation
used to refine metals with relatively low boiling points such as zinc and mercury
Zone refining
a rod of an impure metal or metalloid is passed slowly through a heating coil in an inert atmosphere
alloy
a metal like mixture consisting of solid phases of tow or more pure elements, or in some cases, distinct intermediate phases