ANATOMY EXAM 1

all the questions on the exam :3

Muscular System

Cardiac muscle, Skeletal Muscle, and Smooth Muscle

order of matter to living being?

matter -> atom -> molecule -> cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism

Extra Credit 1: Organs needed for Vitamin D

skin, liver, kidneys

Extra Credit 2: What color is human blood

Red

What 2 systems regulate blood PH?

Respiratory system and Urinary system

Skeletal System Anatomy

bones, cartilage, ligamants

Definition of Anatomy

Scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structure, such as the size and shape of a bone.

Urinary System Anatomy

2 Kidneys, Urinary bladder, urethra

Respiratory System Anatomy

the nose and mouth, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi and bronchioles, the lungs

Cardiovascular System Anatomy

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

Integumentary System Physiology

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, produce vitamin D

Nervous System Physiology

Detects sensations, controls movements, physiological processes, intellectual functions

Digestive System Physiology

Ingest food, digestion, absorb nutrients, eliminate solid wastes

Endocrine System Physiology

Regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, and reproduction.

Reproductive System Physiology

Produce oocytes (eggs), fertilization, fetal development, produce milk, produce hormones

transfer sperm cells, produce hormones

Extra credit 3:  Lymphatic system

Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes

Combats disease

Anatomical Position Definition

person standing erect with face and palms forward, thumbs outwards

Anterior

front or ventral

Posterior

back or dorsal

Medial

close to midline

Lateral

away from midline

Superficial

structure close to the surface

Forehead location

frontal

Ear location

otic

Chest location

pectoral

Collarbone location

Clavicular

Wrist location

Carpal

Transverse (horizontal) plane

divides body into superior and inferior sections.

Frontal coronal plane

divides body into anterior and posterior sections.

Sagittal plane

divides body into left and right portions.

Mid Sagittal (median) plane

divides the body down the midline.

Oblique plane

Other than at a right angle

Longitudinal plane

cut along the length of an elongated organ.

 The 4 F’s, Determine quadrant RIGHT UPPER QUADURANT

Female, forty, fertile. Fat

In the liver, Gallbladder 

No alcohol history 

 Atomic Numbers

Number of protons

Mass number

Protons + Neutrons

Extra Credit 3) Example of a cation (+) 

Calcium ion or Sodium ion 

Matter

anything that occupies space and has mass

Mass

The amount of matter in an object

Weight

The gravitational forcr acting on an object of a given mass

Neutron

• no charge

• found in nucleus

Proton

• + charge

• found in nucleus

Electron

• - charge

• found OUTSIDE the nucleus

• IN THE CLOUD

Hydrogen bond

• weak attraction where hydrogen is used to hold the bond

• Example: bond in-between water molecules

Reactants

starting material in chemical reaction

Products

materials in chemical reaction

Potential energy

stored energy

pH scale

Used to measure strength of acid and base

macromolecules

large molecules of life

carbohydrate

made of subunits called monosaccharides

protines

made of subunits called amino acids (20) enzymes

pH scale question

pH10 is 10 times more alcaline than pH9

Nucleus

• contains DNA directs cell activities

• located at center of cell and contains majority of genetic materials in the form of DNA

Mitochondrion

• major sire of ATP energy production

• powerhouse of the cell

Golgi

• modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids foe secretion or internal use

Cytoplasm

• located between plasma membrane and nucleus

• contains organelles that preform specific functions

Cell membrane (plasma)

• outer boundary that allows cell interaction with its external environment

Extra credit 4: Transcription

dulication DNA → RNA

CELL CYCLE order

IP-MAT

I- interphase
P- prophase

M- metaphase
A- anaphase

T- telophase

C - cytokinesis