Health Science Exam Final Review

Leslie has a cut on the tip of her finger. This location in relation to her hand is described as being

Distal

Connective tissue supports organs and other body parts. Two examples of connective tissue are:

Cartilage and Adipose

What type of fluid is contained in the double walled membrane that lines closed body cavities?

Serous Fluid

Study of shape and structure of a body is called what?

Anatomy

What is the plane that divides the body in top and bottom halves?

Transverse plane

Knees are located on what surface of the body?

Ventral

In relationship to the rest of the body, the arms would be described to be in a:

lateral position

What organ would be found in the thoracic cavity?

Heart

Which organ is located in the dorsal cavity?

the brain and spine

Danice found a lump in her groin. Her physician describes the lump as being in the right:

Inguinal

What region is located between the hypochondriac regions?

Epigastric

The outer part of a serous membrane that lines a cavity is the

Parietal layer

What body system contains the brain, nerves and spinal cord?

nervous

What body system manufactures hormones to regulate organ activity?

endocrine

What is the double walled membrane that produces watery fluid?

Serous

The pleural and pericardial membranes are examples of what type of membrane?

serous

The mid sagittal plane divides the body into:

right and left sides

What body part is inferior to the knee?

ankle

A mild sunburn would be described as being:

superficial

The urinary bladder is found in the:

pelvic cavity

What mucous membrane lines the stomach?

gastric mucosa

What is the function of the ridges produced by papillae?

to reduce slipping, grip, friction

Athlete's foot is contagious. T/F

TRUE, it is contagious

What part of the integumentary system would undergo the GREATEST change if a person eats an excessive amount of food in a three month period of time?

subcutaneous layer

The innermost layer of the epidermis is constantly reproducing itself. This function enables the skin to:

repair itself when its injured

An inflammation of the skin that produces a rash caused by coming in contact with a substance or stress is:

dermatitis

When a person has acne, oily deposits harden and pores become plugged when the secretions cannot escape, they fill with:

leukocytes

What type of burn involves complete destruction of the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer?

third degree

What cells in the skin are stimulated when exposed to sunlight, causing a darkening of the exposed area?

melanocytes

The hollow tube in which the hair grows is called the:

follicle

The layer of skin that contains the blood vessels, nerves, glands and hair follicles is the:

dermis

The ridges of the stratum germinativum are called:

papillae

What muscle causes the skin to pucker around a hair when exposed to a sudden chill.

arrector pilli

When topical medication is applied to the skin, which function of the skin is being utilized?

absorption

Sebaceous glands secrete an oil for hair and skin called:

sebum

Axillary sudoriferous glands produce an odor when their secretion mixes with:

bacteria

When the normal hair is replaced by a very short, transparent hair, what condition results?

alopecia

Acne vulgaris is a common, chronic disorder of the:

sebaceous glands

What disorder of the integumentary system causes potential infection of a newborn baby?

genital herpes

primary cause of skin cancer?

direct sunlight, UV rays

A change in an existing wart or mole may be a sign of:

melanoma

Sweat glands are found primarily in or on the:

axilla

The visible part of the hair is called the

shaft

The oil producing glands of the skin are called:

sebaceous

The medical term for sweat glands is:

sudoriferous

The outermost layer of the skin is the:

epidermis

The outermost layer of the epidermis is the:

stratum corneum

The outer layer of the hair shaft is the:

cortex

The pigment that gives color to the skin is:

melanin

What is a function of the skin?

protection

Swimmer strains her shoulder during a race. What is the first thing that should be done, and why?

apply ice to stop bleeding & reduce swelling

If muscle cells are stimulated repeatedly without adequate periods of rest, lactic acid accumulates, and the muscle will lose its ability to contract. This is known as muscle:

fatigue

Weakness in the abdominal muscle around her naval causing part of her intestine to protrude through the weakened area. This condition is called a:

Hernia (umbilical)

Shang complains of pain in the front of his lower leg after running five miles. He is most likely experiencing.

Shin splints

Ling complains of waking up in the middle of the night with severe calf pain. What is the most likely cause of Ling's pain?

muscle spasm

Muscles that are partially contracted at all times are said to be in a constant state of readiness called muscle:

tone

The dome shaped muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities which aids in breathing is the:

Diaphragm

When the nerve impulse reaches the end of the axon, what chemical neurotransmitter is released?

Acetylcholine

A tear in a muscle as a result of excessive use that results in minimal bleeding inside the muscle, pain and swelling is called a ?

Strain

Dr. Schultz diagnosed Mrs. Faw's pain in her shoulder as inflammation of a tendon. This condition is called:

Tendonitis

In what group of disease do muscle cells degenerate, and the most common is the Duchenne type?

Muscular Dystrophy

The muscle that abducts the upper arm at the shoulder joint is the:

Deltoid

Special circular muscles in the openings between the esophagus and stomach are called:

Sphincter muscles

When a muscle becomes shorter and thicker and causes movement, it is said to have:

Contractability

Which kind of muscle forms the walls of the heart?

Cardiac

Cameron has been diagnosed with talipes. You would expect him to:

Wear corrective shoes

Muscles are responsible for producing most of our:

Body heat

Muscles are able to return to their original shape when they relax. This characteristic is called:

Elasticity

If we fail to exercise, our muscles become weak, flaccid, and will:

Atrophy

What muscles would be found in the back of the legs?

Hamstrings

Medical term for calf muscle:

Gastrocnemius

To increase the size of his anterior chest, a body builder would need to exercise his:

Pectoralis Major

Muscle considered "voluntary":

skeletal

Janel wants to improve the extensibility of her muscles. What should she do every morning:

Stretch

A person who lifts weights overuses muscles. This overuse causes the muscles to enlarge or:

Hypertrophy

Main muscle of lower back:

Latissimus Dorsi

Main muscle upper back:

Trapezius

Muscle found in back/side of the neck:

Sternocledomastoid

A Muscle found in the upper arm:

Triceps

Muscle found in the lower leg:

Gastrocnemius

Painful muscles is called

Myalgia

Torticollis

spasm of the sternocledomastoid muscle

Tendonitis

inflammation of a tendon

Contracture

muscle is atrophied and "drawn" up

Acronym for stroke

CVA

Muscle contractions that move food/waste products through the digestive tract

Peristalsis

Chemical substances that carry nerve impulses

Neurotransmitters

Stimulates milk production after birth

Prolactin

The purpose of reverse peristalsis (orgasm) is to

propel sperm to the ovum

Absorption of nutrients occurs in the

small intestines

How many cervical vertebrae

7

How many Thoracic vertebrae

12

How may lumbar vertebrae

5

The olfactory nerve is responsible for

smell

Excessive intraocular pressure, destruction of the retina & atrophy of the optic nerve is ……………

Glaucoma

Treatment for Glaucoma focuses on

reducing intraocular pressure

Stimulates the growth and secretion of the Thyroid gland

TSH

Responsible for metabolism

Thyroxine

The master gland

Pituitary

The liquid portion of blood w/o its cellular elements

Plasma