Biology unit 2

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

Osmosis

1 / 68

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

69 Terms

1

Osmosis

The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution across a semi permeable membrane

New cards
2

Turgid

When a cell is full, its contents push against the cell wall

New cards
3

plasmolyzed

When cells lose water and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall

New cards
4

cell membranes

Allow some substances to pass through as they are selectively permeable

New cards
5

How materials move in and out of cells

Diffusion, active transport, osmosis

New cards
6

Transpiration

The loss of water via evaporation, water diffuses out of the stomata

New cards
7

Functions of water in plants

Water for transpiration, photosynthesis, transport of minerals, cell support

New cards
8

Conditions that affect rate of transpiration

Humidity, temperature, wind conditions

New cards
9

Role of cell wall

Restricts water intake to prevent cell bursting

New cards
10

Genes

Short lengths of DNA which code for a particular characteristic or protein

New cards
11

Shape of DNA

Double helix

New cards
12

A links with

T

New cards
13

C links with

G

New cards
14

Complementary base pairing

The arrangement of bases along the length of DNA determines how a gene works

New cards
15

nucloetide

A building block of DNA consisting of a phosphate, sugar and a base

New cards
16

Genetic code

Bases along one side of the DNA molecule- the coding strand

New cards
17

base triplet

The sequence of bases that codes for an amino acid

New cards
18

Erwin Chargaff

Found that there was equal amounts of AT and GC

New cards
19

Franklin and Wilkins

Used X Ray diffraction to find the 3D shape of DNA

New cards
20

Watson and Crick

Built a 3D model of the model of DNA and discovered the double helix shape

New cards
21

Clone

A genetically identical cell

New cards
22

Mitosis

Allows cells to grow and replaces warn out cells and repairs damaged tissue

New cards
23

In mitosis a parent cell divides to form

2 genetically identical daughter cells

New cards
24

Chromotids

The original chromosome and the copy of it

New cards
25

Gregor Mendel

Father of genetics

New cards
26

Monohybrid case

Only one factor is considered

New cards
27

Alleles

Alternative forms of the same gene

New cards
28

homozygous dominant

AA

New cards
29

homozygous recessive

aa

New cards
30

Heterozygous

Aa

New cards
31

Fertilisation

When the sperm and egg fuse in the oviduct

New cards
32

Use of amniotic fluid

Cushions and protects embryo

New cards
33

What is passed through umbilical cord

Glucose, oxygen

New cards
34

How the placenta is adapted

Villi provide a large surface area for diffusion, good blood supply ensuring diffusion gradient, short distance between mothers blood and baby's blood

New cards
35

Superovulation

Multiple eggs are released

New cards
36

Mutation

Random change to the structure or number of chromosomes

New cards
37

Genetic screening

Involves testing for the presence of a particular genetic condition or allele

New cards
38

genetic engineering

Changing the DNA of living organisms, commonly bacteria as it is easily manipulated and multiplies easily

New cards
39

Biodiversity

Variety of living organisms

New cards
40

Variation

Any difference between individuals of the same species

New cards
41

Types of Variation

Continuous, discontinuous

New cards
42

Continuous variation

Where there is a gradual transition e.g. Heights

New cards
43

Charles Darwin

discovered natural selection

New cards
44

Three main components of the circulatory system

Blood, blood vessels, heart

New cards
45

Main function of circulatory system

Transport various substances e.g. Oxygen, glucose, vitamins. Protection from disease

New cards
46

Red blood cells

Carry oxygen around the body, large surface area, contains haemoglobin, no nucleus

New cards
47

white blood cells

Protect the body from disease

New cards
48

Phagocytes

Engulf and digest micro organisms ( phagocytosis)

New cards
49

Lymphocytes

Produce antibodies which clump together micro organisms therefore they cannot reproduce and spread, also are made visible in the blood to phagocytes

New cards
50

Function of hepatic portal vein

Carries blood from the digestive system to the liver

New cards
51

Function of coronary arteries

Brings oxygen to the heart

New cards
52

double circulation

When blood goes through the heart twice in one complete circuit

New cards
53

Louis Pasteur

Disproved spontaneous generation through swan neck flask experiment

New cards
54

Steralization

Raise temp very high to kill all bacteria

New cards
55

Pasteurization

Raise temp so most bacteria will be killed

New cards
56

Pathogen

An organism that causes disease

New cards
57

Types of pathogens

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi

New cards
58

Renal artery

Contains urea, has oxygen and glucose

New cards
59

Renal vein

No urea, no oxygen but has glucose and co2

New cards
60

Hepatic artery

Has toxic waste products and oxygen and glucose

New cards
61

Hepatic vein

No toxins

New cards
62

Bodies defences / barriers

Nose, skin, eyes, blood, stomach

New cards
63

Antigens

Chemicals on the surfaces of pathogens, which cause lymphocytes to react

New cards
64

Lymphocytes produce

Antibodies and phagocytes

New cards
65

Vaccinations

Liquid containing dead or modified pathogens which are administered to the body, they contain antigens which stimulate an immune response

New cards
66

Edward Jenner

Discovered the small pox vaccine.

New cards
67

Antibiotics

Chemicals such as penicillin which are used against bacterial diseases to kill them or reduce their growth

New cards
68

Drug

Any chemical that affects the functions of the body

New cards
69

Binge drinking

The consumption of a large amount of alcohol over a short period of time

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 6 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13545 people
Updated ... ago
4.7 Stars(59)
note Note
studied byStudied by 189 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 9 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 20 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 9 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard105 terms
studied byStudied by 9 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard27 terms
studied byStudied by 204 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(3)
flashcards Flashcard38 terms
studied byStudied by 7 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard47 terms
studied byStudied by 4 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
flashcards Flashcard28 terms
studied byStudied by 13 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
flashcards Flashcard51 terms
studied byStudied by 1 person
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard66 terms
studied byStudied by 5 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard23 terms
studied byStudied by 51 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)