Age of Absolutism and Enlightenment

These flashcards cover key concepts from the Age of Absolutism and Enlightenment, including political changes and philosophical ideas that shaped modern governance.

What caused Spain's decline in the late 16th century?

Spain's defeat and lack of focus on farming and inflation due to easy money from the New World.

What was the relationship between the Spanish/French kings and their authority?

They were absolute monarchs, believed in divine right, claiming authority to rule came from God.

What was the difference between the House of Commons and the House of Lords in England?

House of Commons was elected by the people, while House of Lords was inherited and consisted of nobles.

Who succeeded Elizabeth I and what was his belief regarding governance?

James I succeeded Elizabeth I and believed in the divine right of kings, attempting to rule as an absolute monarch.

What was the outcome of the English Civil War between Puritans and Charles I's supporters?

The Puritans led by Oliver Cromwell emerged victorious, leading to the execution of Charles I.

What did the English Bill of Rights of 1689 establish?

Limited the power of the monarchy, ensuring Parliament had authority over the treasury and laws.

What significant political change did Peter the Great implement in Russia?

He modernized Russia with westernization policies and established St. Petersburg as its new capital.

What was the Enlightenment's main belief regarding knowledge?

That knowledge should be based on reason and critical thinking rather than superstition.

How did Thomas Hobbes' view of government differ from John Locke's?

Hobbes advocated for absolute monarchy due to pessimistic views on human nature, while Locke believed in protecting individual rights and limited government.

What did Montesquieu propose in 'The Spirit of the Laws'?

The division of government into three branches to ensure checks and balances and protect citizen's rights.

What was Rousseau’s belief about government as discussed in 'The Social Contract'?

He believed that government should be elected and that individuals must give up some rights for the community's interest.

What role did physiocrats play during the Enlightenment?

They focused on economic issues affecting nations and sought to reform those problems.