genetics&protein synthesis

anti-codon

-triplet of tRNA nucleotides

-has complementary codon on mRNA

complementary base pairing

A=T

C///G
-hydrogen bonds

-adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

codon

-set of 3 mRNA nucleotides,

-64 different codons (table)

cytosine

-one of the three nitrogen bases:pyramidines (T,U)

-component of nucleotides in DNA&RNA

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

-double stranded helical polymer of DNA nucleotides that comprise chromatin (chromosomes)

-found in eukaryotic nucleus

DNA helicase

enzyme breaking H-bonds holding DNA strands together — “unravel”

DNA polymerase

-enzyme catalyzing synthesis of DNA polymer from DNA nucleotides during replication

elongation

second of 3 stages of translation — addition of amino acid to growing peptide

guanine

purine (like adenosine)

cytosine pair

initiation

translation starts when complete ribosome assembles over AUG codon

→assembly of a ribosome, messenger RNA (mRNA), and initiator tRNA to start building a polypeptide at the AUG start codon

messenger RNA (mRNA)

made by transcription from segment of DNA (gene)

carries genetic info for spef. protein nucleus —> ribosomes (translation)