Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalytic

Determinism

believes that our behavior is caused by factors we cannot control.

Freedom

The belief that people have the ability to choose their own behavior, no matter their background or circumstances. Even if we have certain traits or experiences, we can still decide what we do.

Pessimism

Belief that negative outcomes are more likely. Often expect bad things to happen and focus on the possible problems. They are negative thinkers.

Optimism

Belief that positive outcomes are more likely. expect good things to happen and focus on possible solutions. They are positive thinkers.

Causality

The belief that our present behavior is shaped by our past experiences and events. Focus on the events from the past that lead to current actions/behaviors.

Teleogy

- The belief that our behavior is guided by future goals or purposes. Focus on what we want to achieve rather than what happened in the past.

Unconscious

the part of our mind that contains thoughts, memories, and desires we are not aware of, but still affect our behavior.

Conscious

The part of our mind that contains thoughts, feelings, and memories we are aware of right now. It's what we are actively thinking about.

biological

Factors from our body and genetics that affect how we think, feel, and behave.

- Includes: Genes (inherited traits from parents)

Brain chemistry and structure, Hormones, Physical health

social

Factors from our environment and relationships shape our personality and behavior.

uniqueness

Focuses on the qualities that make each person different from everyone else.

Similarities

Focus on the qualities that people share with each other.

three levels of life

conscious, pre conscious, unconscious

Conscious

Contains the thoughts an individual is currently aware of.

Pre-conscious

Contains retrievable information. contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty.

unconscious

- Contains information to which an individual has no immediate access

- contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness.

Phylogenetic endowment

inherited unconscious images

Conscious Mind (The King and Eye)

his is what you're aware of right now. Like the part of the building you're currently in, fully lit and visible.

Preconscious Mind (Reception room / Screen)

This is where memories and thoughts are stored when you're not thinking about them—but you can easily bring them back if needed.

Unconscious Mind (Anteroom)

The deepest part of your mind. Stores hidden feelings, fears, and desires that you're not aware of but that still affect your behavior.

Censorship / Doorkeeper

Like a guard that blocks certain thoughts from moving from the unconscious to your awareness.

ID: The Pleasure Principle

Core of our personality; No contact with reality. The selfish part of personality which concerns only with satisfying personal desires.

Wish fulfillment

a way that the id imagine what it wants if the desired object is not available.

EGO: Reality Principle

The realistic manager. Develops in early childhood, tries to satisfy the id's desires in a practical and socially acceptable way.

SUPEREGO: Morality Principle

Forms by the time a child is 5 years old. Represents society's -and in particular, the parents' -values and standards

Primary weapon of super ego

guilt

Moral Anxiety

an ever-present feeling of shame and guilt for failing to reach standards

Impetus (Push / Energy)

The amount of force or energy behind the drive.

Source

The body part or process where the need starts.

Aim

The goal of the drive → always to reduce the tension caused by the need.

object

The thing or action that satisfies the drive.

Life Instincts (Eros/Sex)

serve the purpose of survival of the individual and the species by seeking to satisfy the needs for food, water, air, and sex.

Libido

the form of psychic energy, manifested by the life instincts that drives a person toward pleasurable behavior and thoughts.

Cathexis

an investment of psychic energy in an object or person.

Death Instincts (Thanatos/Aggression)

The unconscious drive toward decay, destruction, and aggression.

Aggressive drive

the compulsion to destroy, conquer, and kill.

Anxiety

a felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the person against impending danger.

Reality Anxiety (Objective anxiety)

closely related to fear. an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger

Neurotic Anxiety

Involves a conflict between instinctual gratification (id) and reality (ego). apprehension about an unknown danger

Moral anxiety

Involves a conflict between the ego and the superego an outgrowth of the conflict between realistic

Defense Mechanisms

Strategies the ego uses to defend itself against the anxiety provoked by conflicts of everyday life. involves denials

Repression

unconscious denial of the existence of something that causes anxiety.

Reaction Formation

expressing an id impulse that is the opposite of the one that is truly driving the person.

Displacement

shifting id impulses from a threatening object or from one that is unavailable to an object that is available; for example, replacing hostility toward one's boss with hostility toward one's child.

Fixation

the permanent attachment of the libido onto an earlier, more primitive stage of development

Projection

attributing a disturbing impulse to someone else.

Regression

retreating to an earlier, less frustrating period of life and displaying the usually childish behaviors characteristic of that more secure time.

Introjection

incorporating positive qualities of another person into their own ego

Sublimation

altering or displacing id impulses by diverting instinctual energy into socially acceptable behaviors.

Female Oedipus Complex

Girls first object of love is the mother.

Penis Envy

- The envy the female feels toward the male because the male possesses a penis; this is accompanied by a sense of loss because the female does not have a penis.

Castration Anxiety

- boy's fear during the Oedipal period that his penis will be cut off.

Dreams

- Dreams to explain the meaning of nighttime dramas. provide id impulses with a stage of expression.

Projective Tests

present test takers with ambiguous stimuli and asks them to respond by identifying objects, telling a story, or perhaps drawing a picture.

free association

- A technique in which the patient says whatever comes to mind. In other words, it is a kind of daydreaming out loud.

Catharsis

- from the Greek word meaning purification. the expression of emotions that is expected to lead to a reduction of disturbing symptoms

Transference

- the strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patients develop toward their analyst during the course of treatment.

Freudian Slips (Parapraxes)

- A verbal or behavioral "mistake" that accidentally reveals a person's, unconscious desires.

Hypnosis

- Freud believed that the ego somehow put into a suspended state during a deep hypnotic trance. a pipeline to the unconscious.