chemistry - unit 3: semester 1

what does light and electrons charge?

neon signs, fluorescent lights, incandescent bulbs, and stars

electromagnetic spectrum >

is a range of all types of electromagnetic radiation

visible light >

a type of electromagnetic radiation (includes ROYGBIV)

____________ is a type of energy that spreads out as it travels

radiation

radiation has different types of what?

wavelengths and frequency

what do electrons release in the form of light?

energy

what is the energy that electrons release called?

electromagnetic energy

energy give off creates what?

a spectra

each element’s electrons give off its own _________ spectra?

unique

what are the different kinds of spectra?

• line spectrum

• continuous spectrum

wavelength >

how long//short a wave is

crest >

top of the wave

trough >

bottom of the wave

frequency >

how frequent the wave passes

what relationship does frequency have with wavelength?

indirect/inverse

what is an example of the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

large wavelengths = small frequency

what relationship does wavelength have with energy?

indirect/inverse

what is an example of the relationship between wavelength and energy?

high energy = small wavelength

what relationship does frequency have with energy?

direct

what is an example of the relationship between frequency and energy?

high energy = high frequency

non-ionizing radiation >

a type of low-energy electromagnetic radiation that does not have enough energy to remove electrons from atoms or molecules

what are some examples of a non-ionizing radiation?

UV, visible light, infrared, microwaves, radiowaves

ionizing radiation >

a type of energy release by atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles and they have enough energy to break electrons away from the atom

what are examples of ionizing radiation’s beneficial applications?

medicine, industry, agriculture and research

electron power >

when electrons are freed from their atom within a semiconductor material (usually a metal) and exposed to sunlight

what is a daily application of electron power?

photoelectrical cells

in bohr’s planetary atomic model, what do electrons orbit?

they were orbiting around the nucleus at a fixed distance

when electrons are hypothesized what do they have?

ground state

ground state >

when they do not give off or absorb energy

does ground state require a certain amount of energy to be in this state?

yes

what does bohr assign the electrons to?

energy levels

exited state >

electrons can absorb energy, from an outside source

if the electrons gain enough energy, can they leave the ground state and enter what?

a higher energy level

what are outside sources of excited electrons?

heat, electricity, or other photons

quantum energy >

specific amount of energy/photons

quantum jumping >

suggests that the electrons jump between energy levels in a quantum fashion

what is the lowest energy in the bohr model?

nearest to the nucleus

what is the lowest energy nearest to the nucleus called?

ground state

electrons absorb _________ of energy, and move ____________ to higher energy levels called __________ state

quanta, outward, excited

what is the quanta of energy called?

photon

the energy is emitted in the form of what energy as the electrons fall back from their excited state back into their ground states?

light

the amount of energy absorbed is ________ to the amount of energy released

equal

spectral lines >

each element electron gives off certain frequencies of light

line spectra >

line absorption and emission spectrum

continuous spectra >

all frequencies/wavelength of light

hot dense light sources like what emit this type of spectrum along with solids and liquids?

stars, planets and moons