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Washington Conference (1921)
A meeting made by Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes that proposed a plan for naval reduction of the American, British, and Japanese navy.
This meeting also set standards on naval size based on country size as well as continued the Open Door Policy through establishing the Nine Power Pact and created the Four Power Pact which made oceanic territories for France, Great Britain, The United States, and Japan.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
An attempt made by Secretary of State Frank Kellogg trying to make nations promise not to use war as a reason for settling international disputes.
This occurred directly after France called upon the United States to wage war against Germany.
Circular Loans
A way for Germany to repay debts from World War I created by American banker Charles G Dawes.
The United States would provide large loans to Germany which the Germans used to pay off debts to Great Britain and France.
This caused Americans to give money to Germans, Germans give money to the French and British and the French and British to give money to the Americans to pay off their loans.
It caused a very useless loop of currency flow between four countries.
Fascism
A governmental system that gained much popularity in Italy during the 1930s.
This government is headed by a dictator that exerts extreme nationalism and militarism across the country as well as tries to expand the nation's boundaries by conquering neighboring countries.
Benito Mussolini
Fascist dictator of Italy that rose to power in the 1930s through political threats and false promises.
He expanded the territories of Italy by conquering European and North African countries.
Adolf Hitler
Chancellor and eventually dictator of Germany that rose to power through the development of his own political party, The National Socialist Party, or better known as the Nazi Party.
He was extremely popular with the German people at the beginning of his reign because of his belief that the Aryan/German race was superior, his tactics for increasing Germany's economy and military, as well as expanding the German empire.
FDR's Bombshell
President Roosevelt's decision at the World Economic Conference to not cooperate with any other nation's demands on currency values.
Roosevelt also forbade any American banks to give loans to any nations defaulting on debts.
This helped stop the problem of circular loans.
Good Neighbor Policy
President Franklin Roosevelt's policy with Central and South American countries that would forbid military involvement from one country with any internal or external affairs of another country.
This policy greatly helped increase The United State's economic involvement with Latin American countries.
Neutrality Acts
Laws established by the United States to prevent involvement in another major war.
These laws prohibited American aid to any aggressor or victim in any military conflict and allowed warring nations to only buy non-military products from the United States.
These laws cumulatively were all extremely isolationist.
Ethiopia
The first country to be taken over by part of the Axis Powers. Italian dictator Benito Mussolini led an attack on this country to expand Italy's reign in North Africa.
Although many nations wanted to prevent Mussolini from doing so, no country wanted to go to war with Italy and their new military ally Nazi Germany.
Quarantine Speech
Once Japan decide to invade Manchuria, China as well as take over five more Chinese provinces, President Roosevelt made a speech that urged nations to isolate aggressive and militaristic nations.
Rhineland
A territory controlled by France after World War I, but invaded and taken over easily by the Germans by Adolf Hitler in order to expand the German empire.
Munich Conference
A meeting between Germany, France, and Great Britain that would try to stop Hitler from taking over more European nations.
Hitler promised during this meeting that Austria, the Rhineland, and Czechoslovakia were the only European lands that he wanted. He Lied.
Appeasement
An attempt by European nations averse to the Axis Powers to avoid war with them.
Great Britain and France are most accredited with this by letting Hitler take over many European nations without declaring war.
Most countries also used this belief to avoid war with Italy when it took over Ethiopia.
Cash-and-Carry
A revision of the Neutrality Acts that would declare that warring nations were allowed to buy military products from the United States, but they had to pay for them directly and provide transport for the goods as well.
This was President Roosevelt's attempt to help Great Britain and France while staying neutral in the war and increasing American economy.
Fall of France
After a long lull of German attacks in World War II, Germans led a blitzkrieg attack that went through and conquered Denmark, Norway, The Netherlands, and Belgium.
The Germans then called upon the Italians for assistance in attacking France from two fronts and Paris got invaded by Nazi troops and a new false government was established in Vichy, France.
The great nation of France was split in half by the Axis Powers and became crippled and useless as a result.
Committee to Defend America
A powerful and influential group of Americans that wanted to aid the British in fighting off Germany and the Axis by sending them massive amounts of arms and other goods.
This group did not actually want an American declaration of war however.
America First Committee
A committee organized by isolationists before World War II, who wished to spare American lives.
They wanted to ensure the protection of Americans before becoming involved in the war.
Election of 1940
An unprecedented election between former Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Republican Wendell Willkie.
The two did not differ on many political aspects, but Roosevelt's previous popularity got him elected for an unheard of third term. He is the only president to ever do this.
Lend-Lease
An act devised by President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill that would allow The United States to lend or loan weapons and artillery to the British because of Great Britain's bankruptcy and need of military support.
Winston Churchill
British Prime Minister during World War II that was a fantastic speaker and military strategist.
He inspired British troops as well as foreign allies to keep fighting for the right cause in the war with Germany and Italy.
He and Roosevelt had very similar political and military views which helped make allied relations improve during the course of the war.
Atlantic Charter
A meeting between Roosevelt and Churchill that basically instated a military alliance between Great Britain and The United States.
Both leaders stated that the two nations believed in common principles that would base a better future for the world. they also called for the destruction of Nazi Tyranny.
Pearl Harbor
Tensions between Japan and the United States were rising exponentially after Japan started trespassing in Allied waters and taking over Chinese and Indochinese territories.
The United States was watching Japan closely, but not close enough.
Americans were preoccupied with monitoring a Japanese fleet in the South China Sea when a Japanese task force of bombers arrived in Honolulu, Hawaii and destroyed a large amount of military vessels as well as killed many American soldiers.
This caused America to almost immediately wage war with the Japanese Empire.
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