Platte Exam 2

Study Alot and Hard!

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Connection-oriented protocol that establishes a connection before sending data and ensures reliable, ordered delivery

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Connectionless protocol that sends data without establishing a connection and does not guarantee delivery

Connection-oriented

A type of communication where a session is established before data transfer

Connectionless

A type of communication where data is sent without establishing a session

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Protocol used to load web pages over the internet (port 80)

HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

Secure version of HTTP that encrypts data (port 443)

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Protocol used to transfer files between computers (port 21)

Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)

Secure version of FTP that uses encryption (port 22)

Secure Shell (SSH)

Protocol used for secure remote login and command execution (port 22)

Telnet

Protocol used for remote login that is not secure (port 23)

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

Protocol used to remotely control another computer (port 3389)

Remote Desktop Services (RDS)

Microsoft service that allows multiple users to access desktops remotely

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

Protocol used to access and manage directory services

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

Protocol used to send emails (port 25)

Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)

Protocol used to download emails from a server (port 110)

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

Protocol used to sync emails across devices (port 143)

Active Directory

Microsoft implementation of directory services based on LDAP

Domain Name System (DNS)

System that translates domain names into IP addresses

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses to devices

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

Technology used to make voice calls over the internet

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Protocol used to monitor and manage network devices

Packet Internet Groper (ping)

Command used to test connectivity between devices

Trace Route (tracert)

Command used to display the path packets take across a network

Internet Protocol Configuration (ipconfig)

Command used to display IP settings on a device

PuTTY

Software used as an SSH or Telnet client for remote access

Windows Secure Copy Protocol (WinSCP)

File transfer client that supports secure protocols

Encapsulation

Process of wrapping data with headers as it moves through network layers

Tunneling

Process of sending one protocol inside another protocol

Logical Port

Virtual communication endpoint identified by a number (e.g., port 80)

Authentication

Process of verifying a user’s identity

Kerberos

Secure authentication protocol that uses tickets to verify identity

Strong Password

A password that is complex and difficult to guess

Firewall

Network Security system that is a barrier between trusted internal networks and untrusted external networks like the internet

Bandwidth

Maximum rate of data transfer across a network

Baseband

Transmission method using a single signal channel

Broadband

Transmission method using multiple signal channels

Daemon

A background service running on a server (e.g., httpd or ftpd)

Client Software

Software that requests services from a server (e.g., web browser)

Server Software

Software that provides services to clients (e.g., web server)

Apache HTTP Server

Web server software used to host websites

nginx

Web server software known for high performance

Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)

Web server software developed by Microsoft

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

Organization that oversees domain names and internet governance

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

Organization that manages IP addresses and protocol parameters

Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)

32-bit addressing system used to identify devices on a network

IPv4 Address

A 32-bit number written as four decimal values between 0 and 255

Private IP Address

IP address used within a local network and not routable on the internet

Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing (APIPA)

Feature that assigns a 169.254.x.x address when DHCP fails

Subnet Mask

A value that separates the network portion and host portion of an IP address

Network ID

Portion of an IP address that identifies the network

Host ID

Portion of an IP address that identifies a device on the network

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

Method of allocating IP addresses using a suffix like /24

Default Gateway

Router address used to access other networks, including the internet

Subnet

Logical subdivision of a network based on IP addressing

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)

Logical grouping of devices within a network regardless of physical location

Workgroup

A group of computers that share resources in a peer-to-peer network

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)

128-bit addressing system designed to replace IPv4

IPv6 Address

A 128-bit address written in hexadecimal format

Hexadecimal

Base-16 numbering system using digits 0-9 and letters A-F

Zero Compression

Method used in IPv6 to shorten addresses by removing consecutive zeros

Encapsulation (IPv6 Tunneling)

Process of wrapping IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets for compatibility