Engineering management part 2

Planning

"the best methods and approaches for accomplishing organizational objectives."

Planning (Aldag and Stearns)

"the selection and sequential ordering of tasks required to achieve an organizational goal".

Planning (Cole and Hamilton)

"deciding what will be done, who will do it, where, when and how it will be done, and the standards to which it will be done."

Top Management Level

Strategic planning

Middle Management Level

Intermediate Planning

Lower Management Level

Operational Planning

STRATEGIC PLANNING

is the procedure of identifying the organization's key goals, as well as the policies and strategies for acquiring and utilizing resources to achieve those goals."

INTERMEDIATE PLANNING

The process of determining the contribution that subunits can make with allocated resources.”

Setting Organizational, Divisional, or Unit Goals

Provide a sense of direction to his firm.

Goals

Precise statement of results sought, quantified in time and magnitude, where possible.

Strategy

A course of action aimed at ensuring that the organization will achieve its objectives.

Tactics

Short term action taken by management to adjust to negative internal or external influences.

Determining resources needed

The quality and quantity of resources needed must be correctly DETERMINED.

Setting Standards

Standard

A quantitative or qualitative measuring device designed to help monitor the performances of people, capital goods, or processes.

Functional Area

Plans with time Horizon

Plans with Varied frequency of use

Marketing plan

Implementing and Controlling an organization’s marketing activities

Production Plan

The quantity of output a company must produce in broad terms and by product family

Financial Plan

Summarize, Analyzes and

Direction of Financial needs.

Human Resource Management Plan

Indicates the human resource needs of a company detailed in terms of quantity and quality.

Short range plans

Plans intended to cover a period of less than one year

Long range plans

Plans covering a time span of more than one year

Standing Plans

Used again and again and they focus on managerial situations

Single use plans

Unique and are unlikely to be repeated

Policies

broad guidelines and about recurring situations or function.

procedure

plans that describe the exact series of actions to be taken in a given situation.

rules

statement that either require or forbid a certain action.

Budgets

Projected expenditure for a certain activity and explains where the required funds will come from.

programs

designed to coordinate a large set of activities

Projects

Limited in scope that a program and prepared to support a program.

Plan

is a methodological way of achieving results

Organizing

the structuring of resources and activities to accomplish objectives in an efficient and effective manner.

Division of Labor

determining the scope of work and how it is combined in a job.

delegation of authority

the process of assigning various degrees of decision-making authority to subordinates.

department

the grouping of related jobs, activities, or processes into a major organizational subunits.

span of control

the number of subordinates who report directly to a manger

coordination

the linking of activities in the organizational that serves to achieve a common goal or objective.

Formal organization

details lines of responsibilities, authority, and position.

Organizational Charts

diagram of the organization’s official positions and formal lines of authority.

organizational manual

provides written descriptions of authority relationships, details the functions of major organizational units, and describes job procedures.

Policy Manuals

personnel activities and company policies

Informal Group

When membrs of an organization spontaneously form a group with friendship as a principal reason for belonging

Functional Organization

everyone engaged in one functional activity such as engineering or marketing, is grouped into one unit.

Product or market organization

refers to the organization of a company by divisions that brings together all those involved with a certain type of product or costumer.

Matrix organization

each employee reports to both a functional or division manager and to aproject or group manager.

Line authority

a manager’s right to tell subordinates what to do and then see that they do it.

Staff authority

a staff specialist’s right to give advice to a superior.

personal staff

those individuals assigned to a specific manager to provide needed staff services.

Specialized Staff

those individuals providing needed staff services for the whole organization.

Functional authority

a specialist’s right to oversee lower level personnel involved in that specialty, regardless of where the personnel are in the organization

Committee

is a formal group of persons formed for a specific purpose.

committee

is usually formed to provide the necessary line-up of exepertise needed to achieve certain objectives.

Ad hoc Committee

one created for a short-term purpose and have a limited life

Standing committee

it is a relatively permanent committee that deals with issues on an on going basis.