Fluid Therapy

Maintenance Fluid Rate- Dog

60 ml/kg/day

Maintenance Fluid Rate- Horse

50 ml/kg/day

Maintenance Fluid Rate- Cow

50 ml/kg/day

Maintenance Fluid Rate- Cat

45 ml/kg/day

When administering fluid therapy which space is the fluid entering?

ECF or ICF

What space favors water movement

ICF

Is ISF space or vascular space favored for water movement?

Vascular space

Is sodium higher in ECF or ICS

ECF

Is potassium higher in ECF or ICS

ICF

Is calcium higher in ECF or ICS

ECF

Is Magnesium higher in ECF or ICS

ICS

Is Chloride higher in ECF or ICS

ECF

Is Bicarb higher in ECF or ICS

ECF

Is Phosphate higher in ECF or ICS

ICF

Is glucose higher in ECF or ICS

ECF

Is protein higher in ECF or ICS

ICF

What fluid is most commonly used

crystalloid

What does crystalloids mimic

composition of ECF

What are the primary electrolytes of crystalloid fluids

sodium and chloride

What are examples of crystalloid fluids

LRS, Normosol-R, Normal saline (0.9% NaCl)

What is tonicity

osmotic pressure of a solution based on the number of particles perkg of sol

What is the average osmolality of a patient

28- mmol/l

Isotonic crystoloid causes ___ in cell size/volume

no change

What does Isotonic crystalloid solution do?

ensures maintenance of internal environemtn without cell size changing

Hypertonic crystoloid causes ___ in cell size/volume

decrease

When are hypertonic crystalloids used

acute volume depletion to recruit fluid from ICF to increase ECF volume

What do you always do after administering hypertonic crystalloids

Follow up with isotonic crystalloid fluids!!

Hypotonic crystalloid causes ___ in cell size/volume

increase

What is the risk with hypotonic crystalloids?

cellular lysis

What force do the molecules in colloid fluids exert?

colloid oncotic pressure (draws water into vasculature)

What tonicity of solution are colloid solutions?

isotonic

What happens to electrolyte concentration in ECF when a colloid solution is administered?

No change

What happens to volume of ECF when a colloid solution is administered?

expands vasculature and reduce in ISF

What happens to the ICF space when a colloid solution is administered?

no change

Is 0.9% NaCL hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic?

isotonic

Is 0.45% NaCL hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic?

hypotonic

Is 1.25% NaCL hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic?

hypertonic

What space is depleted with dehydration?

ICF

What space is depleted with volume depletion

ECF

heart rate with simple dehydration?

mild tachycardia

MM/CRT with simple dehydration?

tacky mm, increased CRT

jug vein fill with simple dehydration?

normal

Peripheral Pulse P with simple dehydration?

normal

Extremity temp with simple dehydration?

normal- cool

mentation with simple dehydration?

BAR/QAR

Skin tenting with simple dehydration?

± present

heart rate with volume depletion?

moderate to severely tachycardic

MM/CRT with volume depletion?

± moisture, increased CRT

Jug vein fill with volume depletion?

prolonged

Peripheral pulse P with volume depletion?

reduced

Extremity temp with volume depletion?

cool-cold

Mentation with volume depletion?

± obtunded

Skin tenting with volume depletion?

± normal

What are the 4 phases of fluid therapy

resuscitation, rehydration, maintenance, ongoing losses

What is the shock dose of fluid and how do you admin

80 ml/kg

IV- ¼ fluid bolus at a time- monitor clinical signs for a response and give another dose if needed up to 4 times

what type of fluid would you give with a shock fluid bolus

Isotonic crystalloids

Equation for fluid deficit

Deficit= %dehydration x BWT (kg)